摘要:

We studied 13 formal clinical characteristics of delusions by means of observer-rated ordinal scales in a sample of 74 psychiatric inpatients with mainly schizophrenic or schizophreniform disorders. The interrater reliability of the scales was found to be satisfactory. High levels of conviction about their truth and to a lower extent lack of dismissibility and lack of resistance against them were found to be the hallmarks of delusional beliefs. The lack of strong intercorrelations among the scales items supports the hypothesis that the concept of delusions represents various aspects of delusional experience which are relatively independent of one another.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-three patients with one or more delusional misidentification syndromes were studied. The majority of the subjects were females and the Capgras syndrome was the most common delusional misidentification syndrome in our sample. The Capgras syndrome cases were significant older than the Fregoli syndrome cases. Schizophrenia and schizo-affective psychosis were significantly associated with Fregoli syndrome. Discriminant function analysis was carried out on the sample and showed that age and symptoms of nuclear schizophrenia were the variables most predictive of the type of delusional misidentification. These findings are discussed in the light of current literature.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Misidentification syndromes have been regarded as psychiatric curios, but in recent years their importance both in terms of frequency, and because of their links with organic brain pathology and risk of violence has been increasingly realised. Most of the cases reported have been in conjunction with schizophrenia. We report a case of the illusion of Fregoli, the delusional misidentification of a familiar person in a stranger. The patient was manic and exhibited the delusion twice, once with regard to a man and the other concerning a dog.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ballet dancers (n = 60) in full-time ballet training and school students (n = 216) completed questionnaires relating to body weight and eating behaviour. Dancers were at lower body weight and had less body fat. Dancers considered they were more preoccupied with thoughts of eating and body weight, felt they had greater difficulty controlling their body weight, used and abused laxatives for weight control, and reported disordered eating more than school students. Two-thirds of dancers and students were currently using at least one method of weight control, dancers favouring not eating between meals, and students exercise. Both groups reported binge eating and using multiple methods to control this behaviour. The pressure for dancers to be at below average weight affects their eating and weight controlling behaviours and their life-style.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were studied in ballet dancers in full-time training and compared with other young women at school. Dancers had higher scores on the Eating Attitudes Test. Dancers were more likely to have an eating disorder when strict modified DSM-3-R criteria were applied. Currently 1 dancer (1.6%) and no student had anorexia nervosa, 1 dancer (1.6%) and 3 students (1.3%) had bulimia nervosa and 5 dancers (8.3%) and 9 students (4.2%) had an unclassified eating disorder. Another dancer had been treated for anorexia nervosa in the past. One dancer was treated for bulimia nervosa and 6 for weight loss. Dancers were more likely to have been told to increase their body weight. Dancers were not more likely to be afraid of losing control of their weight and becoming obese if they attempted weight gain, to ignore the advice to gain weight or resist gaining weight. Regular self-induced vomiting was reported by 4% of women. Dancers are at risk for the development of eating disorders.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From 1987 to 1994, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been diagnosed using the Rosenthal or DSM-III-R criteria. No major differences between them have been found, except that the DSM-III-R criteria were more stringent and difficult to implement. Little attention has been paid to differences in the criterion of the quality of improvement in summer. This study compared two groups of winter depressives, characterized by complete or incomplete summer remission. Incomplete summer remission is associated with increased heterogeneity of the demographic and clinical profile of the disorder and a shift of this profile to that of classical depression. The data support clinical use of the DSM-IV criterion ‘full remission’ in the diagnosis of SAD.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284998

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report an atypical case of Ganser’s syndrome in a 54-year-old male patient. The following symptoms which include approximate answers, perceptual disturbances and dissociative mechanisms were observed over 7 years, improved during hospitalization, but reappeared just before the patient’s discharge. The extremely long presence and bizarre manifestation of symptoms, the course of the disorder and the patient’s premor-bid high intelligence level point to an unusual presentation of this case. Following the concept of hysteria and dissociation, we discuss its diagnosis within the scope of the DSM-III-R. DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification of Dissociative Disorders. Problems in the differential diagnosis which result from an increasing awareness of Dissociative Disorders are outlined.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284999

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Background factors of male genital self-mutilation have been suggested in a small series of cases. A review of 110 cases in the literature revealed that guilt feelings associated with sexual conflicts were the most important factors in the act of psychotic self-mutilation and also related to religious psychotic experiences that were often the direct motives for the act. Self-mutilators with sexual guilt feelings were likely to mutilate themselves more severely than those without. Even excluding transsexuals, disturbance of sexual identity was most participating in the act of nonpsychotic self-mutilators. In addition to these, previous history of self-injury took part in the act independently.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Intrusive, uncontrollable and bizarre thoughts occur in both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and psychosis. The origin of these mental phenomena and the relationship between them is unclear. A case is described in which long-standing compulsions and the associated resistance temporarily developed the characteristics of command hallucinations, in the absence of any other psychotic symptoms. The implications for psychopathological theories of hallucinations are discussed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Couvade is a phenomenon, where the expectant father or another relative experiences somatic and/or psychiatric symptoms during a woman’s pregnancy. Although epidemiological studies report a frequency of couvade symptoms between 11 and 36% during all pregnancies, psychotic couvade cases are very rare with few case reports. The authors report 2 cases of psychotic couvade and give a psychodynamic interpretation of the cases. They emphasize the important role of ego defect and double identification in the development of the cases.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285002

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger