摘要:

The purpose of the study was to examine the 4-year course and outcome in first-admitted patients with delusional psychoses, and to compare the findings with those of a 2-year follow-up. The index population comprised 88 patients. At follow-up one-fifth of the patients revealed positive psychotic symptoms, half of the patients had experienced psychotic relapse, and one-fourth had remitted fully. Compared with the findings 2 years before, some statistically significant changes were disclosed: the number of patients with positive psychotic symptoms had decreased, more patients had frequent social contacts, and more patients had good outcome according to the Strauss-Carpenter outcome scale. The findings suggest that some patients need a couple of years to improve from the clinical and social aftermaths. However, in most aspects, the findings of the 2-year and the 4-year follow-ups are comparable and predict poor course and outcome for the majority, while only a minority of the patients manage fairly well.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284603

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a questionnaire survey, a list of 64 psychiatric diagnostic labels was presented to 20 randomly selected Japanese psychiatrists affiliated to a university department of psychiatry. For each label, they were asked (a) whether they used it in everyday practice, (b) whether they rarely used it but would do so if faced with such a case, or (c) whether they had never and would never use it. It was found that these Japanese psychiatrists used a relatively small number of diagnostic categories; in their classificatory system, functional mental disorders would be dichotomized into psychoses and neuroses with the former further divided into schizophrenic, atypical and manic-depressive psychoses, and the latter divided into seven subcategories, i.e., anxiety neurosis, hysteria, depressive neurosis, phobia, obsessive compulsive neurosis, depersonalization neurosis and hypochondriasis.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284604

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty Japanese psychiatrists were asked for their conventional diagnoses for each of 29 case vignettes already diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. The reliability coefficients of Japanese conventional diagnoses were low; only two categories exceeded the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.7. However, the low reliability was found to be due not to random variations but to the difference of individual psychiatrists in setting boundaries of diagnostic entities though sharing the common prototype for each diagnostic category.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284605

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a retrospective study of 865 delusional syndromes, connections were investigated between delusional themes and the sex of patients, and the ages in which these themes extensively occurred. According to previous reports, the results of this investigation indicated that differences exist between the ages of manifestation regarding the themes of hypochondria, persecution, love and jealousy. Furthermore, differences could be observed between males and females in relation to the frequency of choice of particular themes, as well as the age of occurrence. Based on psychological studies concerned with the content’s dependence on motives we conclude that the age distribution of delusional themes corresponds to the main existential concerns in different life period

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284606

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In reviewing recent findings on affective conditions in the interface of unipolar and bipolar disorders, we find evidence favoring a partial return to Kraepelin’s broad concept of manic-depressive illness, which included many recurrent depressives and temperamental variants. This review addresses methodologic, clinical, and familial considerations in the definition and characterization of a proposed spectrum of bipolar disorders which subsumes episodic and chronic forms. Episodic bipolar disorders are subclassified into bipolar schizoaffective, and bipolar I and II, and bipolar III or pseudo-unipolar forms. Chronic bipolar disorders could be either intermittent or persistent, and are subclassified into chronic mania, protracted mixed states, and rapid-cycling forms, as well as the classical temperaments (cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and dysthymic

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report on the utility of a new instrument to identify subtypes of major depressive episodes with special reference to pseudo-unipolar conditions. By incorporating reliable measures of depressive and hyperthymic temperamental characteristics in subtype definitions, we achieve the sharpest possible demarcation between unipolar and bipolar disorders. The new procedures also reveal that 1 out of 3 primary depressives in a consecutive series of 405 patients belong to the bipolar spectrum. Furthermore, among bipolars, bipolar II disorder (redefined as major depressions with hypomania or hyperthymic temperament) represents the most common variant. We discuss the nosologic, therapeutic, methodologic and theoretical implications of these considerations on the unipolar-bipolar dichotomy. Given that major depression emerges as the final common clinical expression of a heterogeneous group of disorders, it underscores the importance of focusing on temperament and course of illness in subclassification efforts such as attempted here.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284608

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger