摘要:

In order to evaluate the peculiar features of a population of compulsorily admitted (CA) versus voluntarily admitted (VA) schizophrenics, the psychopathological status, disability measure and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded for the two studied groups. Among other assessed variables only the total score of the Current Behavioral Schedule (CBS), used as a global index of impairment, differentiated the two groups, CA patients being the more severely impaired. The severity of the CBS measure correlated with the length of current hospitalization in the CA but not in the VA group.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Phantom limb sensations in the waking state and in dreams were examined in 84 limb-amputated patients. These phenomena were divided into complete, reduced, intermittent and nonexisting phantom limb. Common features as well as differences between the phantom limb in the waking state and in dreams were characterized and illustrated by casuistics and dream reports. Thus it was shown that nearly half the patients had the same, whereas the others had a different phantom limb in the waking state and in dreams.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparing a sample of 88 inpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to inpatients with borderline traits, this paper addresses four hypotheses regarding the association between BPD and psychotic symptoms: (1) narrowly defined psychotic symptoms are rare in BPD; (2) broadly defined psychotic symptoms are often reported in BPD; (3) narrowly defined psychotic symptoms are due to concomitant disorders, and (4) psychotic symptoms may be factitious. Consecutive admissions to acute inpatient services were screened for borderline features and patients were examined using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The results generally supported the proposed explanations for the association between BPD and psychotic symptoms. Factitious psychotic symptoms were found in only 13 % of the BPD sample.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study investigated the correlation between retardation, assessed by the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS), and measurements of reaction time and motor performance in 26 elderly depressed patients. Significant correlations were only detected between motor retardation and the number and duration of faults in the line following part of the motor performance test. The total scores of the BRMS and the Hamilton Depression Scale did not correlate significantly with any of the performed measurements.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a prospective study of nonschizophrenic, nonaffective delusional psychoses, 46 patients are classified according to ICD-8, DSM-III, Kendler’s criteria for delusional disorder, Opjordsmoen’s criteria for reactive delusional disorder, and Jørgensen and Jensen’s criteria for reactive delusional psychosis. No single diagnostic group includes all patients. About one third of the patients are employed continuously, and less than half the patients have weekly social contacts. At a 2-year follow-up, big differences are revealed between the diagnostic groups as regards (1) signs and symptoms (no signs and symptoms 0–70%), (2) work status (employed continuously 11–60%), and (3) social contacts (weekly social contacts 11–60%). An overwhelming minority (0–25 %) have an overall good outcome. To improve the classification of nonschizophrenic, nonaffective delusional psychoses with poor outcome (paranoia) and good outcome (reactive delusional psychosis), a multiaxial and polydiagnostic approach is recommended.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284597

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This report deals with the relation of suicide to mental illness in the elderly. Our investigation of this relation proceeds from the following two points of view: First, we asked whether the fact that the elderly are most at risk of committing suicide is confounded with their increased psychiatric morbidity. Second, we asked to what extent suicides of older mentally ill persons are definitely created by their mental illness. The sample includes 310 suicides of psychiatric in-patients. These were explored in the course of a multicentre study of 6 psychiatric state hospitals in the south of the Federal Republic of Germany. The method of analysis involved the motives of the suicidal acts. Results demonstrate that the age is an autonomous risk factor and not to be confounded with the psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity of older suicides is not sufficient to explain the suicidal act. Moreover, we found that if mental illness played a part, motives reflecting aspects of chronicity predominated motives reflecting psychopathology (i.e. feeling of being persecuted, loosing mind) of the suicidal patients. Results are discussed with special reference to preventing and managing suicides in the elderly.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present paper examines the persistence of content of delusions in 48 patients diagnosed as either affective disorder or schizophrenia. These patients were attending psychiatric clinic at National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, between 1986 and 1988. The type and content of delusion was assessed in each patient at each psychotic episode. Persistence in delusional content was found in one-third of the patients. It is likely that cultural and psychological factors may be contributing to this complex phenomenon of delusional persistence.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284600

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to examine the predictive value of clinical and socio-vocational variables of first-admitted patients with delusional psychoses as regards clinical course and outcome, which was illustrated by the dimensions: psychotic symptoms, impairment, remission, and relapse at a 4-year re-follow-up. An excess of patients had poor course and outcome. In the multivariate logistic analysis an independent statistically significant effect was assigned to male sex, low social group, few social contacts, no work, and long duration of psychosis. The most informative clinical and social predictors yielded a maximal information of 19–50% for the different dimensions of course and outcome. One-fifth of the patients had good outcome. Living with others and at the same time having frequent social contacts was a variable with an independent statistically significant effect. The most informative predictors of good outcome yielded a maximal information of 34%. Differences between predictors of 2-year and 4-year course and outcome are discussed. It is concluded that good prognosis is exceptional in patients with delusional psychoses and from a nosological approach attached to patients with reactive psychosis. However, socio-vocational variables at index admission are predictors of higher statistical information than any clinical variable.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284601

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study compares schizophrenic and affective psychoses with regard to basic symptoms. 30 patients in schizophrenic pre-, intra-, and postpsychotic basic stages and 30 patients in endogenous-depressive phases were examined according to the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms. The most important result is that certain cognitive basic symptoms and cenesthesias which are decisive for the development of florid productive-psychotic phenomena are found more frequently in the group of schizophrenias.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284602

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger