摘要:

The feasibility and reliability of the German form of the revised parental interview to diagnose autism (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADI-R) was investigated in this study. Brief examples of the description of formerly and currently used diagnostic guidelines are given and the outline of the interview algorithm which establishes thresholds for inclusion criteria. An excellent-to-good reliability could be demonstrated for the main symptoms according to the classification rules of the ICD-10 and DSM-IV for a sample of autistic subjects at different ages and intellectual levels. The results approve the use of this interview for research and clinical purposes.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284984

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The test-retest reliability of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression. Lifetime Version (IDDL) was investigated, based on 57 first-degree relatives of probands with major depression. The subjects were first interviewed using the SCID. and then the IDDL was administered to them twice at a 1-month interval. The chance-corrected agreement in diagnosing a lifetime history of DSM-III-R major depression was high between the 2 trials of the IDDL (kappa = 0.77). and between the SCID and each of the 2 IDDL trials (kappa = 0.75 for the 1 trial, and 0.68 for the 2nd trial). The positiveness on all items except ‘increased appetite’ and ‘weight gain’ was also highly concordant between the 2 trials. These results strongly suggest that time-stable data with sufficient validity for diagnosing a lifetime history of depression can be given by using the IDDL.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284985

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 14-year follow-up study was conducted on 214 patients from the diagnostic groups schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and neurosis to determine the relationships between various clinical and psychosocial variables and to assess their value as predictors of long-term course and outcome. Particular emphasis was placed on ascertaining the interrelationships between the variables within the individual diagnostic groups. The results indicate that for schizophrenia, severity of disease at discharge from index hospitalization was the principal predictor of the number and duration of further hospitalizations. Furthermore, it predicted the severity of illness and social functioning at follow-up. For affective psychosis, the Global Assessment Scale score predicted the number and duration of further hospitalizations. Severity of illness, social functioning, and age at first hospitalization were predictors of occupational development. For neurotic disorders, severity of disease and social adjustment at discharge from index hospitalization were each predictors of themselves at final follow-up. In addition, age at first hospitalization was an important predictor of most course and psychosocial variables. Among the endogenous course variables within the schizophrenic group, the number and duration of further hospitalizations had a substantial bearing on severity of illness and social functioning at follow-up. For affective psychoses, indicators of occupational development and number of hospitalizations had an impact on severity of illness and social functioning at follow-up. Our findings reveal a good overall predictive value for the clinical and psychosocial variables within each of the diagnostic categories studied.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284986

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nonclinical populations of male and female subjects of middle socioeconomic level and different age ranges were assessed by means of the content analysis method developed by Gottschalk and associates. Verbal samples consisted of written productions in response to a standard ambiguous instruction to narrate a dramatic or interesting life experience and were scored for anxiety and hostility. Results show that the method shows no influence of gender under the conditions of this study and can be employed for diagnostic purposes, assuming that personality factors and psychopathological influences might have a more pronounced impact on affect scores.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284987

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied, during 5 consecutive days, the prevalence, types and demographic, historical and clinical correlates of overt aggression in a population of 136 acute and chronic inpatients with mainly a diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Almost one fourth of them exhibited some sort of aggressive behavior. Verbal aggression was by far the most frequent type followed – in decreasing order – by physical aggression, aggression against property and self-aggression. Past threats of violence and attacks on others as well as concurrent motor excitment, agitation, low tolerance of frustration, difficulty in delaying gratification, depressive feelings, anger, hostility, affective lability and antisocial behavior differed significantly across the aggressive and the nonaggressive groups. The best short-term clinical predictors of aggression were different for each type, anger being their sole common predictor, and accounted for various proportions of the corresponding variances ranging from only 13.3% for self-aggression to 39.2% for verbal aggression.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284988

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The case of a women with polycystic ovary disease and delusional disorder is reported. During the course of her paranoid illness she developed firstly ‘homosexual’ erotomania and later ‘heterosexual’ erotomania. We suggest that this is a rare presentation of delusional disorder.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 30 melancholic patients and 21 healthy controls, diurnal mood variation was investigated on 3 successive days at 7.30 a.m., 11.30 a.m., 3.30 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. Daily courses with no variation or with a so-called typical variation (morning low, afternoon/evening high) occurred with the same frequency in both samples. Circadian mood variations vary substantially inter- and intraindividually in both depressive patients and healthy controls. However, the controls reported short (ultradian) mood variations more frequently than the patients. Using a semistructured interview, the subjective experience of diurnal mood variations was compared: In melancholic patients, mood variations occur spontaneously in more than half of all cases, whereas healthy controls attribute them almost exclusively to their own activities and/or external circumstances. It is discussed whether ‘typical’ diurnal variations in melancholic patients may have been emphasized in earlier psychopathological literature not because of their frequency but because patients experience the circadian mood rhythm as uninfluenceable.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There is increasing evidence to suggest basal ganglion involvement in the aetiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty subjects with rheumatic chorea were assessed for presence of OCD and evaluated on Leyton’s Obsessional Inventory. Four subjects had OCD. The study group had markedly higher scores on all the scales of Leyton’s Obsessional Inventory. The findings implicate that caudate dysfunction is not sufficient on its own to explain the presence of obsessive-compulsive behaviour and that additional basal ganglion regions/rostral connections also have to be involved to produce co-morbidity.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The case of a young woman soldier with perinatal hearing impairment who developed auditory hallucinations during her basic military training is described. The hallucinatory experience was not accompanied by gross psychopathology. The synergistic effect of hearing impairment and stress may play a role in generating hallucinations.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger