摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the results of the largest survey to date of the sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities. Existing knowledge is reviewed in the light of complex methodological and definition issues that exist and limit any work undertaken. The few existing studies of sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities are described. Details of the current survey of sexual abuse carried out by the University of Kent and funded by the Rowntree Foundation are then provided. Detailed results of the survey are presented followed by a discussion of their implications and comparability with previous research.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs people with mental handicaps are increasingly being expected to use community resources, stigma has often become an important component of their subjective experience. Both stigma and social comparisons help to define the person's status in a ‘normal’ reference group, and are important antecedents of the individual's self esteem.Fifty students with a mild mental handicap completed a self esteem and social comparisons procedure which yielded discrepancy scores between the way they saw themselves and others (friends, siblings, non‐handicapped others, and ideals). They also talked about their perceptions of stigma and their aspirations for their lives.The students who perceived the most stigma had the lowest self esteem, the lowest ideals, and had the largest discrepancies between their scores and the scores of others. They also felt the least likely to fulfil their aspirations. The students with low self esteem also tended to view others in a negative light and to experience impoverished interpersonal relationships. The study also suggested that some students may derogate others, especially younger opposite sex siblings, to maintain their self esteem. This points to the importance of social comparisons within the family.Some implications for research and the professional management of stigma are disc

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe terms used to denote the concepts of mental handicap and challenging behaviour are a matter of continuing controversy. In the first part of this paper, research concerned with evaluating the impact of such labels is reviewed, and the value of a semantic technique for assessing the connotative effect of labels is proposed. In the second part, this approach was evaluated in a study in which undergraduate social science and science students completed rating scales for terms currently in use to describe mental handicap and challenging behaviour. There were marked differences in the connotations of terms with very similar denotations. Specifically, recently coined terms (e.g. ‘learning difficulty’, ‘challenging behaviour’) were rated more favourably than more familiar descriptions (e.g. ‘mental retardation’, ‘problem behaviour’). Nevertheless, virtually all the terms assessed carried negative, rather than neutral or positive, connotations. These results are discussed in terms of the need to devise descriptions that will promote more positive social representations of

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe introduction of a local Social Services policy on day services for adults with learning disabilities reflects a nationwide trend towards getting more people out of day‐centres and into open employment. With service providers' history of failing to consult the people they serve, it was considered vital to find out the views of men and women currently on a work experience programme. Eighteen people were asked about their satisfaction with work and the day centre they attend, as well as their preference for full or part‐time work. Results indicated that they all valued some aspects of their work highly, but half expressed a desire to exercise the option of coming to the day centre for some of the time. Everyone in the study emphasised the importance of friends, whether at work or at the Centre. The research design incorporated a combination of open‐ended, yes/no and either/or questions in order to reduce the problems of acquiescence and inconsistency often found when interviewing people with learning disabil

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObservational measures of client engagement and staff‐client contact were taken of 33 people attending a day centre for adults with mental handicap. A low ability group were engaged in constructive activity for 22%, a middle ability group for 46% and a high ability group for 66% of the observations. Assuming a notional 5‐hour ‘working’ day in the centre, people in the low ability group were engaged for, on average, 66 minutes; people in the middle group for 2 hours 18 minutes; and people in the high ability group for 3 hours 18 minutes. The most common disengagement code for the highest ability group (53% of disengaged observations) was ‘inactivity’ ‐ people were either spectating or doing nothing although they had materials available. For the middle and low ability groups the most common codes were ‘waiting’ (e.g. for staff, client, materials to work with) and ‘not allowed or enabled to participate in activity by member(s) of staff (e.g. not included in a team game, not given necessary materials with which to participate, not given anything to do). Together these accounted for over half of the ‘disengaged‘ time of the middle and low ability groups: i.e. the low ability group spent, on average, 2 hours and 18 minutes waiting or not enabled to participate out of a notional 5 hour ‘working’ day. The implications of

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Children with Special Needs. Assessment, Law and Practice in the ActHarry Chasty and John FrielPerspectives on the Use of Nonaversive and Aversive Intervention for Persons with Developmental DisabilitiesAlan C. Repp and Nirbhay N. Singh (eds)A Fit Person to be Removed: Personal Accounts of Life in a Mental Deficiency InstituteMaggie Potts and Rebecca FidoUtopia, Community Care and the Retreat from the AsylumsDylan TomlinsonClinical PragmaticsBenita Rae Smith and Eeva LeinonenHallas' Caring for People with Mental Handicaps (8th Edition)W.I. Fraser, R.C. MacGillivray and Ann M. GreenDepression in Mentally Retarded Children and AdultsAnton Dosen and Frank J. Menolascino (eds)

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY