ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMen detained in a South London prison on remand were screened for intellectual disabilities (mental handicap) over a three‐month period. Of 157 men screened, 33 reported having intellectual disabilities. Twenty‐one of these completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and were tested for IQ (on the WAIS‐R), for reading and numeracy (on the British Ability Scales). An equal number of men were selected for the control group, on a ‘next man in’ basis, and they were assessed in an identical way. None of the index men had an IQ in the intellectual disabilities (mental handicap) range but the mean Verbal IQ, mean Full Scale IQ, mean reading age and mean numeracy age were all significantly lower in the index group than in the control group. Moreover, the index group had significantly higher scores on the GHQ and often had a recent history of mental illness or psychiatric hospital admission. It is concluded that men with intellectual disabilities were not over‐represented in prison but that there were a number of men close to the disability range who were psychologically very

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe extent to which adults in one health district with intellectual disabilities engaged in offending behaviour and the nature of their need was investigated in a series of three studies. First, the number of adults who reported having learning difficulties or who had attended special needs schools, in a consecutive series of adults charged at a city police station over a two‐month period, was identified. Secondly, the extent and nature of offending by those living in residential placements for people with learning disabilities was ascertained retrospectively for the year 1992. In addition, the policies and responses of the residences' managers to offending behaviour were ascertained. Thirdly, a case control study of the outcome in the criminal justice process of those with self‐reported learning disabilities identified in Study One was undertaken. Twelve (4.4%) of the 251 people arrested and screened at the city police station had been to a special school for children with mild or severe learning disabilities. Seven (2%) of 358 adults living in residential placements for adults with learning disabilities had been interviewed by police because of an alleged offence. None of this group appeared in Court despite the seriousness of some offences. In Study One, seven (58%) were sentenced by the Courts. None received a prison sentence or were diverted to the health service. The lack of established links between the criminal justice agency and other services and the experience and attitudes of staff in the different agencies both hindered the recognition of the presence of a possible learning disability and also prevented referral across agencies. These and social factors, such as homelessness, all contributed to a failure to provide for the needs of this minority of adults with learning disabilities who became involved in the criminal justice sys

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (England and Wales) recognised that suspects with intellectual disabilities were ‘vulnerable’ during interviews with the police. However, no attempt was made to specify the disadvantages which might contribute to this vulnerability. This paper reviews the experimental evidence relating to two possible areas of disadvantage—impaired understanding of the caution and legal rights, and susceptibility to acquiescence, suggestibility, compliance and confabulation. A pilot study relevant to a third area, that of decisionmaking, is presented. A fictional film was made of a police interrogation, depicting a male suspect making a true and a false confession. At scheduled pauses during, and just after, the film, items from a semistructured interview schedule were presented. Compared with their average intellectual ability counterparts, the participants with intellectual disabilities (Full Scale IQ: 60–75) were less likely to think that a police interview and false confession might have serious consequences for the suspect. Their views reflected the importance they placed on the suspect's actual, rather than professed, guilt or innocence. Moreover, they believed that an innocent suspect might be protected because his or her innocence would be evident to others. The possible impact of these views on the decision‐making in police interviews of suspects with intellectual disabilities is

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing the increasing trend for de‐institutionalisation of people with learning disabilities, community services are increasingly being utilised to support those who also display challenging behaviours. Where severely challenging behaviours are involved community service providers may require additional support from die police service. The authors undertook a retrospective pilot study among two major community care providers in South London, and looked at the reasons for calling the police, the frequency with which die police were called; staff expectations in calling the police and the outcomes for die clients in terms of further involvement with the criminal justice system. The authors note that the police were generally used as additional support when clients became too difficult for the immediate service providers to manage. It is also noted that police action on behalf of victims was generally low and that the police were never called in response to clients with learning disabilities reporting having witnessed crime. The authors note that further research is require

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1995.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY