摘要:

AbstractICD‐10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) based on the Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines for Mental and Behavioural Disorders were used to assign diagnoses to 38 people with mental retardation (MR) who had additional behavioural or psychiatric disorders. Problems were encountered with criteria for schizophrenia and related disorders. Recommendations were made regarding some diagnostic criteria, the method of coding diagnoses, and the need for additional guidance when classifying disorders associated with MR.Multiaxial classification during the field trial allowed mental and physical health problems and the severity of MR to be summarised in a standard format, assisting record keeping and the communication of information. The DCR represent an advance on previous diagnostic systems, and with additional axes (now being developed for use with a MR fascicle) will be a useful research tool. Psychiatric diagnoses and classificatory systems still suffer from the lack of external validating criteria or specific treatment responses for many disorders within them, and this poses special problems when the person with the disorder has difficulties with communicatio

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOutcome data were collected on fourteen, recently provided staffed houses for people with mild, moderate, severe or profound learning disabilities in order to assess the quality of service provided. Quality indicators reflected the quality of the housing provision, social and community integration, social relationships within the houses, resident engagement in activity, developmental progress over time and opportunities for autonomy and choice. The data show that the quality of the houses investigated was broadly similar to that reported for other housing services in British research which has accompanied deinstitutionalisation. Quality levels on many indicators were related to the ability of residents and the data illustrate the difficulty in providing services for people with more severe or profound learning disabilities, which are capable of achieving outcomes comparable with those attained in services for more able residents. This research provides further evidence that the extent of staff support for resident activity is critical to how much residents are able to participate fully in the everyday activities which arise in the conduct of their lives.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between levels of stress and the observed performance at work of direct care staff in one community unit and two group homes for people with learning disabilities. Staff completed a questionnaire which measured their levels of stress and factors which they perceived could have influenced them. Staff were observed in detail at work and asked to report on levels of stress during these observation periods. No significant differences in levels of stress were found between the staff in group homes and community units. There was greater staff/resident interaction in the group homes, suggesting that quality improvements in residential environments can be achieved without affecting staff stress.A number of factors, particularly relationships with other staff and management, are discussed as of vital importance in influencing stress levels.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResidential nursing staff were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) each month for a total of six months throughout a service transition involving the move of a group of men with profound learning disabilities, some with additional challenging behaviours, from two hospital wards to a community‐living orientated hostel. The MBI was used to measure the effect on staff of the intense reorganisation in their working environment. Significant increases in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation, and a (non significant) decrease in Personal Accomplishment were found during the transition. Levels reverted to baseline following the move, but burnout remained above the mean of a previously published study, for two of the three dimensions. Levels of absenteeism largely mirrored the pattern of the MBI scores, with a one‐month lapse between high burnout and high absenteeism, supporting previous research indicating an association between the

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurvival and causes of death of 429 subjects with mental handicap were examined by following 212 inpatient and 217 outpatient subjects for twenty years or until death. Survival analysed in terms of aetiology showed that congenital malformations and acquired postnatal disorders were associated with increasing mortality. There was a sigificant difference in survival between institutionalised and non‐institutionalised people and a very significant difference in survival between long‐term institutional residents and subjects living at home with their parents. Epilepsy shortened the life expectancy significantly among subjects living outside the institution, especially in hostels. The most frequent immediate cause of death, both within and outside institution, were bronchopneumonia, cardiovascular disease and epileptic seizu

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Children Act: A Social Care GuideIan Mallinson.Learning Difficulties and Computers: Access to the CurriculumDavid Hawkridge and Tom Vincent.Brain Dead, Brain Absent, Brain Donors: Human Subjects or Human Objects?Peter McCullagh.Linkages: Effective Networking in Social CareMalcolm Payne.Research to Practice? Implications of Research on the Challenging Behaviour of People with Learning DisabilityChris Kiernan (ed.)Directory of Non‐Medical Reseach on Disability Volume 6Anne Humphreys&Debra Paget (eds

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY