摘要:

ABSTRACTA follow‐up study was conducted six years after the introduction of an “activity period” and associated procedures on a hospital ward for adults with profound mental handicaps. The study suggests that staff behaviour had maintained and this was reflected in resident engagement levels. Various features of the maintenance procedures were discussed with staff and possible reasons for the long‐term maintenance are suggested. Finally, the relevance of group management procedures, within the context of developing individualised community‐based services, is raised for d

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined the frequency of community and family contacts of 10 adults with severe and profound mental handicaps living in small, community‐based homes, first with their previous institutional experience and second in comparison with adults with similar handicaps living in larger community units.Adults in the small homes used community amenities significantly more than they did when in institutions and also significantly more than residents of larger community units. They experienced greater family contact than when they lived in more distant institutions, but not significantly more than residents of larger community units which also served local areas. Within the small homes, people newly admitted from their family homes had significantly greater family involvement than those transferred from institutions. The results are related to the characteristics of the residential settings, such as location, staff factors, operational policy, and autonomy of managemen

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe move of six men living in a ward for people with severe behavioural problems to a domestic‐scale flat within a mental handicap hospital was evaluated. The evaluation was carried out using the resources of a typical mental handicap service. The life style of the men showed some significant improvements in constructive engagement and decreases in inappropriate behaviour. The men's personal contacts with staff were greatly increased, their personal skills were improved, and they had a greater involvement in domestic activities and choices. However, there were no corresponding changes in participation in community life, and the need for homes to be located within the community is discusse

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe development of the use of vibration with people with mental handicaps is traced from its status as a particular form of sensory stimulation to its role as a reinforcer. Studies are reviewed in which claims for the usefulness of vibration are made and tested, with special reference to the eradication of stereotypic, including self‐injurious, behaviours and the acquisition of self‐care and other skills. Discussion of therapeutic applications is limited to the reinforcing property of relaxation. Two main theoretical approaches are considered: one relating vibration, stereotypy, and arousal theory; the other suggesting the special relevance of vibration for individuals at the earliest stages of development. These views are taken to be complementary. Inclusion of vibration in the repertoire of possible reinforcers is recommended, while having regard to the special needs and circumstances of each individ

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe article reviews studies carried out by the authors on fine motor skill development in children with mental handicaps. From a theoretical perspective, a distinction is drawn between the evidence for programmed movement in animals, characterised by rigidly invariant patterns of movement, and the concept of motor programming as applied to human motor learning. Some studies on human motor programming have suggested that skilled action is characterised by increasing predictability, and that children's motor learning is characterised by the development of a repertoire of stable units of action, called subroutines, which can be combined into longer action sequences. In a series of studies, however, the authors found little evidence for such an interpretation. Rather than showing increasing consistency as proficiency improves, repetition of a task by a skilled performer demonstrates a variety of distinctly different motor patterns. In accordance with this finding of variability in skilled action, an approach to the teaching of motor skills is presented which is based on the development of generalised competence through the application ofgeneral case instruction.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRoom management has been developed and researched in an attempt to improve aspects of the quality of life of children and adults with mental handicaps. The effect of this procedure was evaluated in a classroom for pupils with severe mental handicaps. Following a baseline, the system was implemented with eight pupils and monitored for five weeks. Subsequently, the additional component of interest, weekly target‐setting, was included for half the group for a further five weeks. The progress of each of the eight pupils on target skills and “control” target skills was assessed, and the results were compared. The rate of skill acquisition by pupils for whom targets were set did not differ significantly from that of the control pupils. The target‐setting procedure did not have an adverse effect on pupil or staff behaviour within the room management procedure. The implications of including a teaching element within the room manager role are di

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes an attempt to evaluate quality of life using standards set by the local community. Several parameters derived from community psychology, such as actual levels of functioning and degree of satisfaction within several life domains, are used to develop a social validation approach. This avoids certain methodological pitfalls common to this type of evaluation.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:CHILDREN WITH HANDICAPS. A MEDICAL PRIMER (second edition): Mark L. Batshaw, Yvonne M. PerretRESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THE SERVICE OF PEOPLE WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES: Patrick McGinley (Editor)ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (second edition): Phillip Felig, John D. Baxter, Arthur E. Broadus, Lawrence A. Frohman (Editors)BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION FOR PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HANDICAPS: William Yule, Janet Carr (Editors)TREATMENT OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN: Patricia Howlin, Michael Rutter, Michael Berger, Rosemary Hemsley, Lionel Hersov and William YuleHOMES FOR MENTALLY HANDICAPPED PEOPLE: Norma V. Raynes, Roger C. Sumpton, Margaret C. FlynnA HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH FOR THE HELPING PROFESSIONS: Carole Sutton (Editor)COMMUNICATION BEFORE SPEECH. NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPAIRED COMMUNICATION: Judith Coupe, Juliet Goldbart (Editors)

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY