ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: The expression pattern of lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 3 (LFA‐3) in the buccal mucosa of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients was compared to that of healthy controls to investigate the possible role of LFA‐3 in cell interactions within OLP lesions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of buccal mucosa from 17 clinically healthy individuals and 17 OLP lesions were analysed. Expression of LFA‐3, CD2, CD3 and CD 14 was visualized by an immunoperoxidase technique and assessed microscopically.RESULTS: In healthy buccal mucosa LFA‐3 was expressed on keratinocytes, Langerhans cells within the epithelium and on endothelial cells in the lamina propria. In OLP patients a similar pattern of LFA‐3 staining was observed. In addition, cytoplasmic LFA‐3, without accompanying surface staining, was seen on a subpopul‐ation of macrophage‐like cells. Substantial amounts of LFA‐3 also appeared to be associated with non‐cellular components of the extracellular matrix within the inflammatory infiltrate.CONCLUSIONS: We have obtained evidence for a previously undescribed localization of LFA‐3 within macro‐phages, and have observed that expression of LFA‐3 is apparently elevated within OLP lesions. LFA‐3 may play an important ro

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine the compliance of a group of dental health care workers and students in aspects of cross‐infection control.DESIGN: The dentists and dental students working in a dental clinic were observed by a ‘hidden’ ceiling‐mounted video camera. Procedures were recorded onto videotape and the actions of the observed clinicians and students assessed by two suitably qualified assessors.SETTING: An emergency Oral Medicine clinic in a dental hospital.SUBJECTS Seventy nine dentists and 35 dental undergraduates.METHODS: The action of staff and students were recorded on videotape and assessed retrospectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Degree of compliance with recognised infection control policies.RESULTS: Compliance with recommended guidelines for control of cross‐infection was poor. In only 56% of health care worker‐patient contacts were protective gloves changed between patients. Facemasks and protective eyewear were only worn in 38% and 29% of such contacts respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with cross‐infection control measures are poor in dentistry ‐ even when clinicians are provided with appropr

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) II or IV levels, total activity (TA) and concentration (EC), predict progressive attachment loss (AL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy five patients with moderate periodontitis were recruited. GCF was first collected from 16 molar and premolar mesiobuccal sites and then probing attachment level (PAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured with an electronic probe. Finally, gingival index, gingival bleeding and plaque indices were scored. Patients were given basic periodontal treatment prior to baseline after which the above procedures were repeated. Patients were seen 3 monthly for 2 years and the procedures were repeated. Carefully localised radiographs were taken of the test teeth annually.RESULTS: One hundred and twenty AL sites, 88 rapid AL (RAL) and 32 gradual AL (GrAL), in 48 patients were detected. DPP It and IV levels (TA and EC) at RAL sites were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) than paired control sites at the attachment loss time (ALT) and prediction time (PT). Mean levels over the study period of both proteases (TA and EC) at GrAL sites were significantly higher (P≤ 0.0001) than paired control sites. The GCF levels of DPP IV were always slightly higher than those of DPP II. Critical values (CV) of 5 μU per 30 s (TA) and 25 μU μPI‐1(EC) for both proteases showed high sensitivity and specificity values for TA and EC and these were the same at both ALT and PT. The positive predictive values were slightly higher for DPP II. Mean site DPP II and IV levels (TA and EC) in intra‐patient comparisons were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) at RAL and GrAL sites than non‐attachment loss (NAL) sites in AL patients and mean patient levels were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0001) in AL patients than NAL patients in inter‐patient comparisons.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that both GCFDPP II and IV may be predictors of periodont

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in the United States affecting approximately 13 million people. The five ‘classic’ complications which have historically been associated with the condition are microangiopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, microvascu‐lar disease, and delayed wound healing. Recently, per‐iodontal disease (PD) has been declared the ‘sixth’ major complication of diabetes as diabetics demonstrate an increased incidence and severity of PD. The cellular and molecular basis for diabetic PD is unknown.HYPOTHESIS: Recent evidence suggests that PD and delayed dermal wound healing may be manifestations of the same general systemic deficit in diabetes involving impairment of the cellular and molecular signal of wounding via alterations in macrophage phenotype. Diabetes‐induced hyperlipidemia may interfere with the normal cellular and molecular signal of wounding by alteration of macrophage function and subsequent dysregulation of cytokines at the wound site.RESULTS: Preliminary data in both animal models and humans suggests that hyperglycemia, in combination with elevations of serum low density lipoproteins and tri‐glycerides, leads to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGES) which may alter macrophage phenotype. This may be responsible for dysregulation of macrophage cytokine production and increased inflammatory tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss.IMPLICATIONS: Future investigations will consider diabetic PD in the context of a generalized systemic wound healing deficit that manifests as PD in the face of constant pathologic wounding of the gingiva (bacterial plaque) or delayed dermal wound healing in instances of periodic traumatic wounding to other parts of the body. These types of studies will provide information concerning defective tissue repair in diabetics that will have clinical relevance for the understanding of PD and delayed dermal healing as well as applications of appropriate and spe

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The connective tissues of the gingiva and periodontal ligament share a common embryonic development from cells of the cranial neural crest. This review paper describes the relationship of these tissues in tooth germ initiation, development and eruption.

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The connective tissues of the periodontium are composed of two soft tissues and two hard tissues—each of which has unique features. This review considers the constituents of normal, healthy periodontal connective tissues together with an appraisal of the changes in the connective tissue matrices of the periodontium which occur during the development of periodontitis. Recent developments in this field have paved the way for new and exciting vistas in periodontal diagnosis and regeneration which, ultimately, are two important goals in periodontal therap

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BACKGROUND: In biological studies of periodontitis, there has been long‐standing confusion between the ubiquitous phenomena of inflammation and the essential criterion of attachment loss. This is partly attributable to inadequate methods of clinical measurement, but seems also to be a consequence of an unproven and usually unstated assumption that the same biological processes underlie both inflammation and attachment loss. Developments in unidimensional clinical probing methods have helped in studies of periodontal treatment. However, such methods are intrinsically unsuitable in studies of periodontal diseases, and may have given them a false sense of security. The confusion has been compounded by inappropriate use of statistical techniques in an attempt to solve problems which do not arise from mathematical models but are intrinsic to measurement methods.OBJECTIVE: This paper is a clinician's attempt to state the current difficulties and suggest some ways forward, including the development of three‐dimensional measurement, non‐invasive probing, and several objectives for biochemical, microbiological and immunolog‐ical r

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A large number of potential regulatory mechanisms have been described which may be involved in the control of cell function in the periodontium. In this review, soluble effector molecules which may regulate normal cell turnover and which may control the maintenance of the per‐iodontal space are considered. There is evidence for the involvement of growth factors including EGF, PDGF, FGFs, IGF I&II and TGFβ in these processes. The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in periodontal turnover is of considerable interest as they appear to be able to regulate all stages of this process from specifying cell commitment to regulating differentiated cell function.Empirical evidence suggests the importance of mechanical stimulation in controlling the maintenance of the periodontal ligament space. The wide range of effects of mechanical stimulation are briefly reviewed and the central role of prostaglandins is considered. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of mineralised tissue function, and the potential role of NO in maintenance of the ligament space is considered. Further studies are required which address the interactions between all of these mechanisms in order to determine the key factors which may control periodontal cell function. For the future an understanding of these interactions has the potential to lead to important clinical developments in periodontal and orthodontic thera

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BACKGROUND Cytokines are important regulatory proteins, produced by activated cells, which act by binding high affinity cell surface receptors. They are involved in almost all aspects of cell biology and form interacting networks, with cascades of sequential cell activation. They often show overlapping activities (redundancy) or the same cytokine may have a variety of different effects (pleiotropy). In excess, certain cytokines are damaging and proinflammatory. Tumour necrosis factor a (TNFα) and interleukin‐I (IL‐I) are markedly proinflammatory, inducing bone resorption, collagenase and prostaglandin E2production.OBJECTIVE: This paper focuses on the role of TNFa and IL‐l in the cytokine networks of destructive chronic per‐iodontitis; specifically their regulation by T cell cytokines, receptor antagonists and inhibitory soluble forms of the IL‐l and TNF receptors.CONCLUSION: A hypothesis is proposed that destructive periodontal disease may be due to disregulation of these inhibitors, rather than an overproduction of IL‐l and

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY