ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative amounts of elastase (primary polymorphonuclear leucocyte granule constituent) and lactoferrin (secondary PMN granule constituent) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites.DESIGN: This cross‐sectional study looked at the two GCF constituents in three categories of disease status within the same subject.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with chronic adult periodontitis were screened and those exhibiting all three types of sites ie periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites were recruited (n = 10) and had GCF collected from the three sites. Lactoferrin and elastase were measured in eluates of GCF by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The absolute amount of lactoferrin measured in ng per 30 s samples was significantly lower in healthy and gingivitis sites as compared to periodontitis sites however this difference failed to reach significance when the concentration of lactoferrin in GCF was used as the analytical unit. No significant differences were found for elastase levels at any sites when expressed as either absolute amounts or concentrations. Secondary granule release, as evidenced by lactoferrin levels, occurs during cell migration and the process is independent of primary granule release, which is thought to correlate with PMN activation. The relationship between granule constituents in the samples showed significant differences, the highest lactoferrinlelastase ratio being at periodontitis sites (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS These findings imply a change in the relative amounts of elastase and lactoferrin released at different disease level sites, with an almost 10‐fold increase in the proportion of lactoferrin to elastase in periodontitis sites over healthy and gingivitis sites. This variation in the release by PMNs of primary and secondary granule constituents may indicate alterations in PMN function in different disease environ

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: To compare elastase concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from individual sites of smokers and non‐smokers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve pairs of smokers and non‐smokers with untreated, moderate to advanced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease were matched for gender, age, ethnicity and the clinical and radio‐graphic extent of disease. Durapore filter strip samples were collected over 30 s from two mesiopalatal sites on upper left posterior teeth. Samples were analysed for: I) polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocyte (PMNL) cell counts; 2) PMNL elastase‐αI‐antitrypsin complex in the GCF supernatant by ELISA; and 3) functional elastase, free or bound to α2‐macroglobulin, estimated from activity against N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyI‐alanyl‐prolyl‐nor‐valylg‐chlorothiobenzyl ester in supernatant and lysates of GCF PMNLs.RESULTS: There were no differences in disease parameters between groups except that bleeding on probing was less extensive in smokers (P<0.001). Cell counts and elastase content of crevicular PMNLs showed no differences between groups. Lower concentrationsofelastase were found in GCF supernatants from smokers than non‐smokers. This difference was observed for functional elastase (mean [s.d.] = 30.21 [17.60]against 73.77 [75.26] ng μI‐1,P<0.05) and elastase complexed with αl‐antitrypsin (8.97 [6.54] ng μl‐1against 25.71 [22.07] ng μI‐1,P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Smokers have lower elastase concentrations in GCF than non‐smokers. Further investigation is required to elucidate the underlying cause an

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE(S): This report compares the virulence of selected strains of P.gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. rectus, F. nucleatumandT. denticolain a murine model as a measure of pathogenic potential of these oral microorganisms. The characteristics of the tissue destruction associated with these monoinfections were then related to a potential model for bacterial synergism in progressing periodontitis.DESIGN AND METHODS: All bacterial strains were grown to mid‐logarithmic to early stationary growth phase, harvested and used at various doses to challenge BALBlc normal and BALB/c dexamethasone (DEX) treated mice to mimic a neutrophil dysfunction. The characteristics of tissue destruction, and overt tissue destructive capacity of these species were examined as a function of challenge dose and time.OUTCOME MEASURES The mice were examined for an interval of approximately 15 days post‐challenge and the presencelabsence of lesions, localized or generalized nature of the lesion (including size in mm), and lethality of the infection were assessed.RESULTS: Comparison of the virulence of the various P.gingivalisstrains related to lethality and lesion size associated with destruction of the connective tissue, indicated a virulence capacity of P.gingivalisstrains 53977>W50 = T22>3079>33277>381.C. rectuselicited localized necrotic lesions which were limited to the epithelial layers of the skin. The size of the lesions also indicated a graded difference in virulence, such that C. rectus strains 234>576>>33238.A. actinomycetemcornitans caused the formation of classic localized abscesses with a PMN infiltrate and inflammatory exudates. Although, each of theA. actinornyceterncomitansstrains exhibited a similar virulence pattern in this murine model,A. actinomycetemcomitansserotypebrepresentative strains were potentially more pathogenic with a virulence capacity of 3113D‐N = 3975A>jP2>Y4>29523>33384. Both C.rectusandA. actinomycetemcomitansstrains showed clear evidence that recent clinical isolates were more virulent than laboratory strains. Challenge with F.nucleatumresulted in tissue destructive responses which were different from those observed with the other strains used in this study. A rapid onset of dose‐dependent lesion development, related to the formation of either closed abscesses or open lesions, was observed withF. nucleaturn. Tissue involvement was also greater at lowerF. nucleaturndoses when compared to the other bacteria.F. nucleaturnchallenge of DEX‐treated mice resulted in a shift to open lesions. T. denticola appeared to be more tissue invasive than the other species examined in this study. Challenge of mice with T. denticola resulted in involvement of multiple tissues, including epithelial and connective tissues, as well as appearing to invade muscle layers and deeper tissues. In addition to invading deeper tissues, the resulting lesions took considerably longer to resolve. In the DEX‐treated mice (neutrophil depleted),P. gingivalis, C. rectus, andA. actinomycetemcomitanswere significantly more virulent. In contrast, while DEX treatment altered the characteristics of lesions caused by F.nucleatum, the extent of lesions produced by F.nucleatumand T.denticolawas not substantially enhanced.CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from this study suggest that different microorganisms have the ability to provide individual pathologies which may act in an additivelsynergistic fashion contributing to the tissue destruction noted in pe

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTS: This report describes one of the first prospective studies delineating the relationship between infection, host antibody responses and disease exacerbations and remissions in a distinct subset of periodontitis patients infected withA. actinomycetemcomitans.DESIGN: The design of this longitudinal study included visits for each patient approximately every 2 months for up to 3 years.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects (n = 51) included 16 adult periodontitis (AP) and 11 early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) patients with elevated serum IgG antibody toA. actinomycetemcomitansand infection with this microorganism, 12 AP patients with normal levels of anti‐Aa antibody, and 12 normal subjects.MEASUREMENT OUTCOMES: Clinical parameters included a gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and attachment level. Disease activity was defined as loss of attachment during the monitoring intervals. Serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibody toA. actinomycetemcomitansY4 (serotypeb) was quantit‐ated using an ELISA. Subgingival plaque samples were examined forA. actinomycetemcomitansusing colony immunobiotting. Human serum IgG antibody specificities to outer membrane antigens (OMA)of A. actinomycetemcomitansY4 were determined using Western immunoblotting.RESULTS:A. actinomycetemcomitans‐infected AP patients had a higher frequency of teeth infected when compared to the EOP patients. However, the EOP patients exhibited a trend for higher levels ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin those teeth that were infected. Active disease patients demonstrated a significantly greater frequency of infected sites, as well as significant elevations in the proportions ofA. octinomycetemcomitans. Both EOP and AP groups showed significantly elevated IgG, IgM and IgA antibody toA. actinomycetemcornitanswhen compared to a periodontally normal group. The level of IgG antibody was significantly elevated inA. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive patients with active disease, while IgA antibody was decreased in a number of the active group patients. Plaque samples derived from active sites showed a clear and significant increase inA. actinomycetemcomitansthat occurred from 2–6 months prior to the identification of disease activity. Approximately 70% of the active disease patients showed an increase in IgG antibody level by 2–4 months prior to disease activity. Studies of the antigen reactivity patterns of serum IgG indicated that antibody to antigens of 65, 58, 48, 29 and 24 kDa were more frequent in patients who showed active disease, while those patients with the greatest frequency of active disease appeared to show a general decrease in the recognition of theA. actinomycetemcomitansOMA.CONCLUSIONS: It appears thatA. actinomycetemcomitansinfection relates to a particular type of disease with accompanying antibody responses that reflect periods of active disease. The dynamics of A.actinomycetemcomitansinfection and the level and specificity of systemic antibody responses to this pathogen support an important contribution of the immune response to managing t

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Porphyromonos gingivolisis generally recognized as a major periodontopathogen such that a study of T cell responses to this organism may help to elucidate immune regulation in periodontal disease.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine interleukin (IL)‐4, interferon (IFN)‐gamma and IL‐10 production by p‐gingivolis‐responsive T cell lines and clones derived from the peripheral blood of twoP. gingivolis‐infected subjects with different disease expression and from the gingival tissues of one of theP. gingivolis‐infected subjects.MATERIALS AND METHODS: FACS analysis was used to determine the percentage of T cells staining positive for cytoplasmic IL‐4, IFN‐gamma and IL‐10 and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to determine the presence of mRNA for IL‐4 and IFN‐gamma in the T cell lines and clones.RESULTS FACS analysis showed that virtually all the T cell lines and clones contained IL‐4– and IFN‐gamma‐pro‐ducing T cells. The RT‐PCR results generally supported this trend. However, a higher percentage of cells in the clones derived from one subject produced IL‐4 while a lower percentage produced IFN‐gamma compared with the clones derived from the other subject. FACS analysis also demonstrated that the lines and clones derived from the two subjects showed differences in IL‐10 production. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that there may be differences in IL‐4 and 11–10 production by theP. gingivolisresponsive lines and clones derived fromP. gingivalis‐infected subjects with different disease expression. Any relation

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: To obtain baseline information on the prevalence of oral problems and disease in institutionalized elderly in a Scottish hospital.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional clinical investigation with complementary microbiological studies as appropriate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 147 elderly in five long‐term care wards; collection of demographic data; clinical examination to determine: i) the dental, and denture status and associated lesions such as Candida‐associated denture stomatitis and angular cheilitis, ii) oral mucosal disease; swabs as appropriate for microbiology.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental status, root caries prevalence; denture status and hygiene, and associated disease; oral mucosal health.RESULTS Median period of institutionalization of 147 patients was 15 months and 65% were aged 80 years or more; the majority were significantly mentally impaired; 52% wore complete dentures, 9% were partially dentate, 19% possessed partial or incomplete dentures; 20% were neither dentate nor had dentures. Of 80 patients who verbalired their complaints, 35% complained of dry mouth and 45% had denture‐related problems, principally discomfort. The commonest oral finding was a coated tongue (56%); angular cheilitis was present in 25%, and Candida‐associated denture stomatitis in 19%; none had oral ulcers.CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable unmet dental need with significant oral disease and poor levels of oral and denture hygiene in this target group; both dental and medical professionals should act in concert to deliver curative as well as preventative dental care for the elderly living in institutions to improve their qualit

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the interface stomatitis patterns of oral lichenoid lesions in contact with amalgam and to compare these with the histologic changes in oral lesions clinically associated with porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) restorations. To relate these features to the presence of tissue‐bound mercury (Hg).DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of tissue biopsies, with clinical data collected via a complementary questionnaire.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 479 biopsies diagnosed in 1987 as ‘lichenoid reactions’. From these, we retrieved all with amalgam contact and without candida or medication. From 1990–91, all mucosal lesions stated to be associated with PFM restorations were then retrieved for comparative analysis. The biopsies were examined with routine histologic and autometallographic methods. RESULTS: 77 amalgam‐associated lesions were found and could be subdivided into five pre‐defined interface stomatitis types. We found 22 lesions associated with PFM and 20 showed histopathologic features similar to those associated with amalgam. Hg accumulations were detected in the majority of amalgam‐associated but only in part of the PFM‐associated lesions.CONCLUSIONS: Amalgam‐associated lichenoid lesions present a wide spectrum of histopathologic patterns, corresponding to similar patterns in dermatopathology but with no evidence of association with specific disease. PFM‐associated lesions tend to display similar lichenoid features, suggestive of common pathogenetic mechanisms. Hg accumulations may play a role to maintain the chronicity of su

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: To determine the location of the subepi‐thelial split in benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) and its relationship to the anchoring filaments and their receptors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen sections of lesional and perilesional oral mucosa from 10 cases of BMMP were stained, using an immunofluorescence method, for the β1, β4, α3and α6integrin subunits and for their ligands, laminin I and laminin V (kalinin). In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of linear staining for IgG at the basement membrane zone. Six specimens of normal mucosa were stained for comparison.RESULTS Staining for integrins, laminin and kalinin in perilesional mucosa was similar to normals, although one case showed loss of α6and β4. In lesional mucosa, laminin and kalinin showed strong linear staining localised to the floor of the bullae. The α6and β4subunits were expressed only on the roof of the bullae but staining was weak and patchy with areas of loss. In some sections a6showed a punctate intracellular distribution similar to IgG. The distribution of α3and β1was similar to that seen in normals.CONCLUSIONS: In all cases kalinin was found on the connective tissue side of the lesions and α6β4localised to the epithelial side. This shows that the split occurs at a location which separates anchoring filaments from the hemidesmosomes. Loss of the α6β4integrin in the lesions and the similar intracellular staining of α6and IgG, suggest that disruption of hemidesmosomes may be a key event in the immunopathogenesis of the lesions and that the α6integrin subunit is a potential antigen in

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two cases with stage II tongue cancer who exhibited different responses to intra‐and peri‐tumoral administration of rlL‐2 alone are presented. Special consideration is given to the relationship between tumor responses to rlL‐2 and clinicopatholog‐ical and immunohistopathological findings.RESULTS: The patient who responded completely to treatment showed an exophytic tumor growth pattern, low‐grade cancer invasion, and predominant infiltration of CD8+lymphocytes over CD4+lymphocytes in cancer cell nests. The non‐responder showed endophytic tumor growth, high‐grade cancer invasion, and uniform distribution of both CD4+and CD8+lymphocytes in cancer cell nests.CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of adequate amounts of T lymphocytes subsets may be necessary in order for good tumor response to biotherapy with rlL‐2; other clinical and histopathological variables predicting the effect for cancer chemotherapy remain

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY