摘要:

AbstractMeasurements were made on amino acid contents in collection of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum)., grown in pot conditions, and in some Israeli breeding lines and cultivars ofHordeum vulgare. H. spontaneumwas low in lysine content and high in prolilne plus glutamic acid compared toH. vulgare.Lysine content was positively correlated, in H.spontaneum, to all other ammo acids except proline and giutamic acid. Inter‐populanon rnean differences for Iv‐saie inH. spontaneumwere small and lysine variation was obscured due to variation in protein content.The use ofH. spomancumin breeding high protein. nutritionally improved barley is discus

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study characterizes barley (Hordcttm vulgare L.) garmplasm that evolved under continuous cultivation in highly drought‐prone areas of the Near East. Landrace population:) originating from 70 locations in Syria and Jordan were evaluated under field conditions in Tel Hadia, Svria, on the basis of single head‐row progeny performance. Significant genetic variation was found for all traits recorded: seed colour, kernel row number, growth habit, awn barbing, days to heading, culm length, leaf widths, awn length, early growth vigour, lodging score, and mildew resistance.For most traits, large proportions oi the total variation were tound between head progenies tvhh.in single populations. The qualitative traits, growth haba, seed colour, and awn barbing showed higher variation indices in populations originating from the drier regions ol Syria. Populanons from tbe drier regions; headed slightly earlier, had narrower leaves, longer eulms and tended to be more susceptible to lodging and mildew than populations originating in the higher rainfall areas in Syria.For all traits, the variance components resulting from differences among populations within a particular growing region, as well as those among populations from differences regions, were highly significant. This indicates that this germplasm stock contains materials with adaptability to these diverse growing conditions. The vanabili:y present within populations, as well 25 that among populations with similar adaptability, is sufficient to allow successful election for productivity‐related t

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn field and greenhouse experiments Ethrel (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) was tested for its male garnetocidal effects on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and its subsequent effects on ergot development. Application of Ethrel at 2000 ppm at late boot or early protogyny was the most effective for inducing male sterility in the hybrid, EJ 104. Female fertility in a male sterile line, however, was not affected by Ethrel treatment. Ethrel at 2030 ppm applied at ihe late boot stage resulted1 in partial paniele exsertion, and reduced plant height anc. panide length.In vitroEthrel (2000 ppm) completely inhibned pollen germination but did not affect germination of conidia ofClaviceps fusiformis, the causal agent of ergot of pearl millet. Ergot resistance or susceptibility in pearl millet lines was not affected., probably because Ethrel could not induce complete male sterilit

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe genetic basis of salt (NaCll tolerance at the seedling stage was examined in eight accessions of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench which differed in relative NaCl tolerance. The eight accessions were crossed in all possible combinations. The Nad tolerances of the resulting 56 F: hybrids and their eight parents were assessed after two weeks growth in solution cultures containing 0, 103, and 150mM NaCl. Indices of salt tolerance (relative tolerance) were used for analysis using the diallel method.Both additive and dominance effects appeared to be important for the expression of variation under low and high salinity levels, but the effect of genes with dominance properties was more pronounced. Estimates of narrow sense hentabilities for sail tolerance were appreciable, suggesting that rapid improvement in salinity tolerance is possible in this species using high selection pressures in the F2population.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve synthesized ainphiplonds involving Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)‐resisiant accessions ofTriticum monococum,T. boeoticumandAegilops sqiwrrosaand susceptible but otherwise well adapted and high yieldingT. Durumcultiviars were evaluated for Karnal bunt resisiance under artificial inoculation conditions. All ihe synthetic amphiploids, except DWI. 5031 xT. monocoirtumaniphlploid, were free from Karnal bunt disease indicating that the Karnal bunt resistance orT. motsococcum, T. boeoticMrn and Ae, squarrosais expressec in the presence of thednrumcomplement. The importance and utilization of the amphiploids fox breeding wheat varieties resistant to karnal bunt are discusse

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐four grass species and cultivars were inoculated with populations ofpuccinia poae‐nemoralisOtth andPuccinia poarumNielsen from Zubri; 25 species were infected. Twenty species (Poa species only) with high rust: sporulation may be considered to be the real hosts of those rusts. The largest number of host species may be classed with the tribeP

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe genetic control of frost resistance was studied in callus cultures using some of the chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’. The survival of the calli derived from immature embryos was studied with triphenyltet‐razolium chloride (TTC) and fluorescein diacetate (5DA) methods after hardening and freezing at a temperatures of ‐7 °C, ‐9 °C, ‐11 °C, ‐13 °C, and –15 °C. The donor ‘Cheyenne’ and the substitution lines 5A and 5D proved to be more frost resistant than the recipient ‘Chinese Spring1. These results are well correlated with the previously published studies when seedlings were tested under controlled conditions. Based on these results the tissue culture technique seems to be useful for testing varieties and lines for different levels of frost resistance

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo develop a system of clectrofusion for the genusMedicago, protoplast yields from 2 genotypes ofM, sativaand 7 wild type1 accessions were determined. Protoplast extraction protocols from mesophyll cells, from suspension culture and from calls were evaluated. An alternating current of 10 volts an a frequency of 150 mhz was applied to tht1 protoplasts Ho align them in a pearl chain formation. A direct current pulse of 150 volts applied for 0.25 usec gave the highest number of protoplast fusions for material from mesophyll cells and suspension culture for bothM. sativaand wild species. Over 20% of the protoplasts which occupied places in the “pearl chains” yielded fusion products. An average of 25% of the protoplasts treated with an electrical fusion pulse survived, started, to regenerate cell walls and to divide after a 12 days interval. This system can be used to produce new hybrids which, previously, could not be made in the genusMedic

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncrease in yield potential of dry common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars has been either imperceptible or small and gradual, in spite of large variation of most traits, including seed yield. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) of 80 cultivars and lines of mostly Middle‐American origin was investigated. Eight sets of 10 entries each were used, with five parents each as females and males in a Design II mating system. The resulting 200 F, populations, excluding parents, were evaluated in a replicates‐in‐sets design for yield and its, components at two locations in Colombia. GCA was, calculated by Griffing's Method 4, Model I.Sixty‐two parents, including high yielding and widely grown small‐seeded Latin American cultivars (‘Aete 3’, ‘Carioca’, ‘Catu’, ‘ICA Pijao’, ‘IPA 74‐19’, ‘Jamapa’, ‘Moruna 80’, ‘Porrillo Sintetico’. ‘Rio Tibagi’), new releases, and many sources of diseases, insect pests, and drought resistance, had zero or negative GCA for yield and its components at both locations. Seventeen out of the 18 parents that had positive GCA for yield at one or both locations were bred lines. At least nine of these resulted from a cross between a small‐seeded cultivar with zero or negative GCA for yield, on one hind, and a landrace from the highlands of Mexico, on the other. Two such landraces, ‘Guanajuato 31’ and ‘Ojo deLiebre’, contributed positive GCA for seed yield and seed weight to

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenetic variance, heritability, and expected response from selection arc useful in devising alternative methods and criteria of: selection. The objectives of this study were to estimate these for seed yield and its components from 200 F2: populations involving 80 cultivars and lines of mostly small‐seeded dry bush bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) of habits growth I, II, and III of Middle‐American origin. All cultivars and lines were crossed in eight sets of ten parents each in a Design II mating system. The F2populations, without parents, were evaluated in the field in a replicates‐in‐sets design at two locations in Colombia in 1983.Estimates of additive genetic variance were significant for yield, pods/m2, seeds/pod, and seed weight. Interaction with environments was also significant. Values for nonadditive genetic variance were not significant for either yield or yield components. The estimates of narrow sense heritability, based on the F2population mean and unbiased by genotype x environment interaction, were 0.21 ± 0.13 for yield. 20 ± 0.13 for pods/m2, 0.57 ± 0.13 for seeds/pod, and 0.74 ± 0.15 for seed weight.The expected direct response from selection of the top 20 % of F2populations for yield per se would result in a 4.30 % increase in yield with a correlated response of 0.21 % in seed weight. In contrast, the expected gain from direct selection for seed weight would result in a 11.76 % increase in seed weight with a, correlated gain of 0.28 % for yield. Direct selection for pods/m2would decrease yield, seeds/pod and seed weight, while direct selection for seeds/pod would reduce pods/m2and seed weight but increase seed yield by 0.37 %.Data on yield from replicated trials in the early segregating generations could be utilized for identification and selection of promising crosses and families or lines with crosses for dry bean yield

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY