摘要:

AbstractThe special aspects of the Western Australian rape‐seed breeding programme for the improvement of C18fatty acids (FA) have been highlighted. Progress made through the use of ‘Oro’‐mutant and IXLIN (interspecific X derived) as sources of genes fur improved C18FA is discussed. These two donor lines were crossed or intercrossed with high yielding, disease resistantB. napuslines (summer and winter type) or their early generation progenies from interspecific crosses withB. junceaorB. carinata.Tins provided suitable genetic diversity and favourable agronomic background for the introgression of target genes or gene system for improved C18fatty acids. Many of the polyenoic lines selected from these crosses have indicated scope for combining high linoleic and low linolenic acid levels, with maintenance of good growths and seed development in plants well adapted to the envi

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe carbohydrate content ofHordeum spotaneumlines collected from 23 diverse environments in Israel was investigated. The range in composition was sucrose: 0.83—1.15%; trisaccharides): 0.48—1.16% total free and combined fructose: 1.2—4.2%; pentosans: 4.2—9.9%; and fl→3), (1→4)‐β‐glucans: 4.5—13.2%. The high pentosan and β‐glucan content in some lines would cause quality problems if fou

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐seven genotypes of the cultivated peanut,Arachis hypogaeaL., were screened for regenerative responses of immature leaflet cultures on two media varying in the auxin: cytokinin ratio. Statistical analysis revealed significant media and genotype differences for rhizogenesis plus media differences for callus proliferation but no differences for shoot formation. When genotypes were categorized according to botanical types, differences between subspecies were observed for rhizogenesis. Cultivars of the Virginia botanical type (subspecieshypogaea) were significantly different from either the Valencia or Spanish botanical types (both subspeciesfastigiata). Overall, rhizogenesis varied from 0 to 70% among all genotypes. Shoot production was low (30%) while callus proliferation was extremely high (70%

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProtoplasts were isolated from leaves ofLotus corniculatusandTrifolium repensand from cotyledons ofL. corniculatus.These protoplasts divided and produced colonies. The plating efficiency of protoplasts of both species was improved when agarose was used as a supporting medium. Plants were regenerated more regularly and in larger numbers from colonies ofL. carniculatusthanT. repens.The use of a culture line ofT. repensthat had been selected for its response in culture markedly increased the proportion of protoplast‐derived cultures which regenerated shoots. One regenerant ofT. repens(P6) was analysed for morphological and cytalogical variation. This plant was abnormal and highly aneuploid with a wide range of chromosome number

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation was made to discover the influence of dicamba on the somatic embryogenesis of winter wheat cultivars‐. Immature embryos ofTriticum aestivumcv, ‘Sage’, ‘Caribo’ and ‘Kanzler’ were cultured, on modified N6‐medium with the addition of 1 mg/13,6 dichlor‐2‐methoxy benzoe acid (dicamba).The young embryos were placed with the embryo axis on to the medium. Under this condition the scutella of the embryos at different stage of development produced compact calli and embryoids which regenerated plants with a high frequency (70 %) four to: six weeks later. The results suggest that dicamba could be of value in the induction of so

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐nine winter wheat cultivars and thirteen lines possessing known powdery mildew resistance genes were inoculated with eleven different isolates. By comparing their resistance patterns the responsible major resistance genes of the above‐mentioned cultivars have been determined. The so‐called “Blaukorn” resistance is conditioned by gentPm4b.The resistance patterns ofMl‐iandPm5being similar, the relationship between them has to be analysed by segregating

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe short‐term effects of nitrate on symbiotic nitrogen fixation were studied in six cultivars of pea (Pisum sativumL.) using two strains ofRhizobium leguminosarum.Plants grown symbiotically for three weeks, in order to eliminate the effect of NO3on nodule formation, were exposed to nil, 5 or 15 mM NO3for a period of seven days. Nodule mass, nitrogenase activity by acetylene reduction and the NO2and NO3concentrations in nodules were determined.Exposure to nitrate reduced the total acetylene reduction activity (ARA) in all cultivars, and a significant cultivar × nitrate treatment interaction was found. Nitrate influenced the components of N2fixation, nodule mass and specific ARA (ARA/mg nodule), differently within and among cultivars. Nodule mass was reduced in all cultivars, but a variation among cultivars in the degree of reduction was found. Nitrate also reduced the specific ARA to different extents in the cultivars‐ The specific ARA of nodules from NO3‐treated plants, expressed as per cent of the specific ARA of nodules from plants grown without NOT3was negatively correlated with the concentration of NO3in nodules. No relationship was found between the reduction of N2fixation and the nitrite concentration in nodules.The results indicate that it is possible to improve the nitrate tolerance of symbiotic N2fixation of the established pea/Rhizobiumsymbiosis by selection of suitable host

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo bulk experimental strains of induced autotetraploids,‘Purple tetraploid bulk’ (PTB) and ‘White tetraploid bulk’ ofCatharanthus roseuswere evaluated along with the diploid ‘Purple’ variety (PDB) and a diploid pure line selection PS‐3 in four environments consisting of combinations of two levels each of plant spacing and nitrogen at Bangalore and Hyderabad during 1983—84 and in two additional environments at Bangalore during 1984—85. PTB, in general, performed better than PDB at closer plant spacings, especially in the absence of nitrogen application. The highest increase in economic yield (leaf + root yield) over PDB was recorded by PTB with 45 × 30 cm plant spacing and no nitrogen fertilization. The highest economic yield of PTB (obtained with 30 × 30 cm spacing and 100 kg N per ha) was 26 % higher than the highest economic yield of PDB. There were no significant differences between PTB and PDB for content of total alkaloids in leaves within all the environments during both years. Strain × environment interactions were significant for content of total alkaloids in roots during 1983—84. During 1984—85, PTB and PDB did not significantly differ from each other for content of

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelf and cross fertility, forage and seed yield of parents, self (Sl), and polycross (PX) progenies were measured in a selected and an unselected population of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.), Self fertility was significantly less than cross fertility in both populations. In a field planting S1 progenies had lower forage yield in 1979 and 1980 and seed yield (relative to the parents) was less in the selected population than the unselected in 1979. All correlation coefficients between years and progenies were non‐significant for forage yield bur the parents‐poly cross progeny correlation was significant for seed yield in the selected population. Percentage survival of plants after cutting in 1980 was higher in the selected population, and the parents and PX progenies survived better than S1 progenies in both populations. The better performance of the selected population may be due, in pan, to higher frequency of favorable genes resulting from four cycles of recurrent selection, S1 progeny testing does not appear to be worth while in birdsfoot trefoil because of low self fertility and the reduced vigour of the prog

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComponents of seed yield were estimated for each set of 100 plants derived from six varieties ofLolium perenne.Significant differences between the varieties were found for all components of seed yield, but the range was broader within each variety. An indirect selection of seed yield using the character seeds per spike produced a selection response similar to that obtained by direct selection on high seed yield per plant. A direct and indirect selection of characters estimated in small, drilled plots of topcross off‐springs (F1) was less successful than the selection based on the single plants. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the single plants and their offsprings did not show significant agreement for seed yield. But altogether the results indicated that the increase of seed yield/area was about 6 % when 10 % of the best plants were selecte

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY