摘要:

AbstractThe effects of NaCl on the growth, ion relations and physiological characteristics at early stages of growth of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Glennson 81’, ‘Chinese Spring’ lines tetrasomic for chromosomes 5A, 2B and 5B, ‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines for chromosomes 2Eband 5EbfromThinopyrum bessarabicum(formerlyAgropyron junceum), and amphiploids between ‘Chinese Spring’ andThinopyrum bessarabicumand ‘Chinese Spring’ andLophopyrum elongatum(formerlyAgropyron elongatum) were examined.Plants were grown in a controlled environment cabinet, in nutrient solution with or without addition of 200 mol m−3NaCl. Growth in terms of leaf area, shoot and root weights was reduced by salt treatment. Salinity conditions gradually reduced the osmotic potential, though there was little effect on water potential. Turgor pressure was not much affected by salt. There was variation between genotypes for all the characteristics studied, especially in the extent of Na accumulation by leaves and roots. The amphiploids and 5Ebaddition line accumulated the least Na in comparison with other genotypes. Generally roots accumulated lower quantities of Na than leaves. Genotype K contents were not affected by salt treatment. Stomatal conductance also declined whilst the ABA content increased in the salt treated seedlings.With respect to growth, the amphiploids and 5Eb addition line were most tolerant to salt while ‘Glennson 81’, tetrasomic 2B and tetrasomic 5B lines were most susceptible. The addition of homoeologous group 2 and 5 chromosomes reduced the tolerance to salt relative to ‘Chinese Spring’ euploid.It is concluded that chromosome 5EbofThinopyrum bessarabicumcarries gene(s) for tolerance to salt and this tolerance may be due to the ability to exclude

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from aerial infrared photographs have recently been proposed as a complementary analytical tool for evaluating genotype performance in breeders' trials. Our objective was to establish the relationships between spring wheat grain yield and remotely‐sensed data in a variety experiment. Large genotype differences (P ≤ 0.05) in grain yield, red, and near infrared reflectance values occurred. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) regressions between grain yield and remoteley‐sensed data were observed for two dates of flight, but these functions varied between dates of flight. A normalized difference vegetative index, as an estimate of crop productivity, indicated that spring wheats with the highest grain yields may show correspondingly high dry matter production. However, low r2values for the remotely‐sensed values suggest that much of the variability is not explained by these models. Future research must develop more accurate methods of remotely‐sensed analysis, including standardizing the images, identifying the correct time with respect to stage of crop development for infrared photographs, incorporating crop harvest index data into the models, and adjusting for identified spatia

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom the crosses (6 × triticale ‘Lasko’× AARR) בLasko’ one plant with 56 chromosomes was obtained. The selfed progenies showed reduction of somatic chromosome number. A reciprocal cross of hyperploid introgressive plants with ‘Lasko’ indicated similar transmission rates of additional chromosomes through female and male gametes. The degree of initial reduction is of great importance for the number of succeeding generations needed to reach the hexaploid level. With regard to the output of introgressive lines of practical breeding importance, it is necessary to continue and to promote the recombination processes between donor and recipient genetic information for as long as possible. An interruption of recombination by beginning selection too early leads to the loss of genetic variability in

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDensitometric analysis of the gluten subunits as resolved by SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis of 23 samples from seven varieties of durum wheat has provided further evidence for the positive effect on the quality of pasta made from durum wheat of low‐molecular‐weight glutenins (LMWG) and high‐molecular‐weight‐glutenins (HMWG) and the negative influence of the intermediate‐molecular‐weight group (IMWG) (albumins, globulins, some glutenins, and omega gliadins).Differences in the expression of pasta quality were expected among the varieties investigated. However, high quality was invariably the result of a preferential accumulation of (LMWG) and (HMWG) in respect to IMWG. It appeared that such a biochemical feature could represent a general mechanism on which the pasta‐making quality of durum wheat relies.The high correlation observed between the ratio (LMWG)/IMWG or (LMWG + HMWG)/IMWG and quality (r = 0.85***and 0.88***, respectively) suggested that SDS‐PAGE with densitometry of the gluten subunits could provide new quality indices useful in breeding durum wheats with improved pasta‐making quality and for the grading of durum produce fo

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResistance to the prevailing races of sunflower rust,Puccinia hehanthiSchw., is lacking in the commercial hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.). The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the four North American rust races in wild Helianthus species, and to determine their mode of inheritance. Seventy‐eight accessions ofH. annuusL.,H. argophyllusTorrey and Gray, and H. petiolans Nutt. were evaluated in the greenhouse. Resistance to races 1, 2, 3, and 4 was observed in 25, 28, 15, and 26% of the plants, respectively, and 10% of the plants were resistant to all four races. Seven accessions that had a high percentage of resistant plants to all the four races were selected and one resistant plant from each accession was crossed with susceptible inbred line HA89. Three to four F1plants resistant to all four races from each cross were backcrossed with HA89. F1plants from PI‐413118 × HA89 and PI 413175 × HA89 were resistant to all four races. The PI 413023 × HA89 F1plants were 100 % resistant to races 3 and 4 and segregated in a 3: 1 resistant (R) to susceptible (S) ratio to races 1 and 2. The other four F1combinations segregated 3R: IS ratios to all four races. Bc1F1progenies revealed that plants from PI 413048, PI 413037, PI 413038, and PI 413171 used in the crosses possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of the four races, whereas plants from PI 413023 possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of races 1 and 2, and one dominant resistance gene in homozygous condition for each of races 3 and 4. Plants from PI 413118 and PI 413175 carried a single dominant gene in homozygous condition for resistance against each of the four

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Central European and the MediterraneanVicia fabagene pools carry different traits favourable for selecting cultivars with a high and stable yield performance. Interpool crosses, therefore, should provide interesting new basic material, although lack of adaptation of each “exotic” parent and linkage of genes may act against the introgression of favourable genes. In a first approach, five German and five Syrian parents (bred by ICARDA) of an interpool‐crossing programme were tested in two years in both regions of origin. The Syrian cultivars proved to be fairly well adapted in the German trials, while the German cultivars were highly unadapted to the Syrian conditions. The advantage of interpool‐crosses for both gene pools is discussed and recommendations on the further breeding strategy for adaptation of interpool‐cross‐progenie

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe segregation of isozyme genetic markers was studied on embryos arising from isolated microspore cultures in live rapeseed F1 hybrid genotypes. Out of the ten isozyme genes considered, live (Aco‐1, Aco‐3, Lp‐1, Pgm‐3, Tpi‐1) did not segregate according to expected Mendelian ratios in at least two F1 crosses. F2 plants, generated from the same hybrids, included in the analysis, were tree of segregation distortions. Linkage analysis between each segregating enzyme locus in each progeny revealed independance between these markers.In this paper, the results of the linkage analysis as well as the origins of the distortions are discussed. The existence of androgenic embryogenesis genes may be responsible for the abnormal segregations of the five isoz

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe self‐fertility of chromosome‐doubled haploid lines of perennial ryegrass and their first (I1) and second (I2) generation selfed offspring was studied. The overall seed set was low, 0—0.4 seeds per spike, as would be expected for chromosome‐doubled haploids of a self‐incompatible species. Nevertheless, significant genetic variation was observed for self‐fertility within three of the six lines studied. Within one line, three I2‐clones showed increased self‐fertility, while in two other lines one and three I1‐clones, respectively, showed significantly increased self‐fertility. Selection, during selfing, of rare pollen grains with mutations in the self‐incompatibility system could explain the observed changes and would lead to a general breakdown of self‐incompatibility inLolium perenneduring repeated selfing of chro

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe induction of bolting after different periods of vernalization was studied in the parental, F1, F2and backcross generations (F2× P1and F2× P2) of three crosses between five sugar beet lines. The parental lines represented different levels of bolting resistance. The populations were evaluated in replicated field or greenhouse trials. Generation mean analysis was used to quantify the genetic effects of bolting. The additive (d) parameter was predominant for those levels of cold treatment that stimulated the bolting to occur. The dominance (h) parameter was also shown to be important in most cases. In one cross, the additive × additive (i) type of epistasis was significant. The chances of detecting genetic effects are increased by exposing the plants to vernalization conditions which maximize the difference between two parental lines of each cross. Hence, it would be sensible to exploit both additive and non‐additive genetic effects in any selection progr

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract‘Polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was transferred to three different genotypes ofB. napusi.e. GSL‐1, ISN706 and HNS‐8 by repeated backcrossing and was found to be completely stable in the nuclear background of syntheticB. napusgenotype, ISN706, derived from a crossB. campestrisssp. oleifera var. brown sarson ×B. oleraceavar.botrytiscv. Tusa Katki'. The BC5and BC6generation lines of ISN706, GSL‐1 and HNS‐8 with ‘Polima’ CMS were grown under a range of temperature and photo‐period conditions to test their stability. No breakdown in sterility was observed in ‘Polima’ ISN706 and, therefore, this genotype can be used as a maintainer for

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY