摘要:

AbstractDisomic wheat‐barley addition lines carrying a full hexaploid set of chromosomes of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, plus a pair of either chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 7 from the barley cultivar Betzes, were assayed electrophoretically. Comparisons of zymograms of each addition line with the Chinese Spring wheat and Betzes barky parents of the addition lines gave direct (presumptive in the case of chromosome 5) evidence of the chromosomal locations of nine enzyme loci which have been useful genetic markers in studies of the population genetics, ecogeneties and breeding of barley. Previously reported chromosome locations of several loci were confirmed and evidence was presented for the existence and probable chromosome locations for additional enzyme loc

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is the object of renewed interest because it possesses some interesting agronomic attributes such as tolerance to drought and salinity. In order to gain a better understanding of the organisation of its genetic diversity, we have examined patterns of diversity for nine polymorphic enzyme systems representing 12 loci, in a sample of 55 wild and 8 cultivated accessions. Several geographic patterns were identified, including an East‐West differentiation, (across the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains), a North‐South differentiation, and a localized differentiation. Wild teparies displayed a higher number of polymorphic loci, as well as a higher number of alleles per polymorphic locus compared to cultivars, consistent with previous observations indicating a reduction of phaseolin diversity on domestication. No clearcut separation with respect to isozyme differentiation was observed betweenP. acutifoliusvar.tenuifoliusand var.acutifolius, further questioning the validity of this taxonomic separation based on leaflet sh

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat.I. Ability of 1B—‐1R wheat‐rye translocation forms for androgenesis45 winter wheat varieties or F1hybrids, F2populations and lines with 1B—1R wheat‐rye translocation were tested for their anther culture ability. A total of 48058 anthers was cultured on Potato‐2 medium. When averaged over all genotypes and the two experimental years frequencies of embryoid formation of 5.4—6.8 per 100 anthers were observed. Plant regeneration efficiency from embryoids ranged from 5.3—9.1 % or a mean of 4—5 green plants per 1000 anthers plated. The results confirmed the preferential regeneration frequency of gametes with the 1BL—1RS chromosome compared to the gametes with the 1BL—IBS chromosome. Multiple peroxidase were used as marker.The effect of cold pretreatment or of media on the androgenetic response and productivity was not important. On the contrary the variability between the anther response from single ears of the same genotype was noticeable. Examples are presented for the transferability of the androgenetic ability to breeding material. Most green plants obtained were haploid or spontaneous doubled haploid. By cloning it was guaranteed, that progenies were obtained from most of the haploids after

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty five octoploids (2n = 56). two aneuploids (2n = 54), and one hexaploid (2n = 42) were obtained from the self‐fertilized octoploid which was regenerated from the immature inflorescence culture ofElymus canadensis. The octoploid regenerant showed gigas leaves and stems but reduced tillering and fertility. The selfed octoploid progeny varied from genotype to genotype for all of the characters investigated. Hexaploid was morphologically superior to other ploidy levels. Its dry matter yield was 34 % to 40 % higher than the octoploids and the tetraploids but fertility markedly decreased to 7.4 %. Chromosome pairing at metaphase 1 in the octoploid regenerant and its selfed progeny — octoploid, aneupioid. and hexaploid — were 2.57IV +0.83III + 21.23II + 0.971; 3.06IV + 1.06III + 19.66II + 1.251; 2.23IV + 0.85III + 16.54II + 4.69I; and 0.41IV + 8.34III + 8.25II − 3.141 per microsporocyte, respectively. High frequency of trivalents in hexaploid indicated that it is a doubled triploid. Unequal chromosome disjunction, laggards, and chromatid bridges were commonly observed at the anaphase stage in the first and second meiotic d

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy genetic analysis of selfed progenies and reciprocal F1, F2and B1: populations of crosses of a waxless mutant and three waxy plants two recessive genes were identified in kohlrabi (Brassica oleraceaL. var.gongyloides), causing waxlessness independently from each other. Geneais responsible for glossy waxless and genebtor dull waxless plants. To be able to form a wax layer a plant must have both genes in the dominant constitution, i.e.A.B.(“complementary gene effect).Some segregation results which deviate from expectation could indicate a potential linkage between one of the two wax loci and the incompatibility locus.Both genes can be used as markers m hybrid breeding of cole crops as well as in basic researc

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBread‐making quality indices (dough strength and dough mixing stability) in relation to flour protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin have been investigated inTriticum aestivumprogenies during a three year agronomic trial.Dough strength (W) proved to be a fairly stable characteristic, slightly but positively correlated with flour protein content. High could be associated with a high glutenin/gliadin ratio as well as with the presence of specific HMW. subunits of glutenin, while high protein content tended to favour a balanced dough tenacity‐extensibility ratio (P/L = 0.4—0.6). Satisfactory values of dough‐mixing stability were frequently observed in association with good expression of W showing that the two quality traits may coexist without much difficulty in the same genotype.From the plant breeding standpoint the data suggest feasible to obtain high dough strength by concentrating in a genotype the HMW subunits of glutenin known to have a beneficial effect on W. However, very high W may present unfavourable P/L ratios. This possibility is enhanced when the flour has a low protein content which often occurs in high yieldin

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInheritance of resistance to four Philippine races of bacterial Might caused byXanthomonas campestrispv.oryzaewas investigated in four cultivars of rice,Oryza sativaL. Resistance to three races in ‘Benamuri’ and ‘Aus 192’ is governed by xa‐5. In ‘Tepal Boro’ and ‘Bazail 975′, resistance to races 1, 2. and 3 is conferred byxa‐5, but another recessive gene confers resistance to race 4. This recessive gene is closely linked toxa‐5and may be allelic toxa‐13.Rice cultivars withxa‐13are resistant to prevalent races of bacteria] blight in the Indian subcontinent and should thus prove useful as donors for resistance to bacterial blight

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperiments were undertaken to identify an efficient method of selection for yield in early segregating generations of narrow‐leaf lupin crosses.A first series of experiments involved simulation of F2populations with mixtures of ten cultivars and advanced breeding lines. The performance of genotypes in mixtures sown at different densities was compared with their monoculture [commercial density) yields m the same and the following year. These comparisons provided a basis for assessing the value of different planting designs and different selection criteria in early generation selection for yield.Correlated monoculture yield responses to simulated selection for single plant yield were similar for the honeycomb design and standard selection procedures at both low and commercial densities. These responses were much higher than that for grid selection in a low density population.Correlated monoculture yield responses to selection for other plant characters were substantial only for flowering time and number of pod bearing branches under certain conditions. These responses were greatest for selection in a low density mixture and in the year following selection.A procedure involving selection of the earliest flowering plants and selection within this group of plants with the highest number of pod bearing branches should be an effective approach to early generation yield selection in the narrow‐leaf lu

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was made on the inheritance of seed weight of tomato, and on the effect of seed weight on growth of tomato plants. Use was made of 15 parental genotypes and 105 F1s produced by diallel crossing (F1‐seeds). From combining ability analysis of variance carried out for weight of F1‐seeds it appeared that the weight of seeds harvested from tomato plants was mainly determined by the maternal genotype and largely independent of the genotype of the male parent. A combining ability analysis of variance for weight of seeds produced by seilfing F1's (F2‐seeds) showed, however, that female and male parents contributed equally to the inheritance of seed weight and that the inheritance of seed weight is determined mainly by chromosomal additiveiy acting factors, but that also non‐additive gene action occurred.Genotypes with large seeds produced heavier seedlings than genotypes with small seeds, In later growth stages, the correlation between seed weight and plant weight became smaller, presumably, due to a lower relative growth rate of the seedlings from large seeds. For this reason, it is doubtful whether breeding of large seeded tomato cultivars opens up prospects of improving growth and yield of tomato

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrosses of plants from the same I0.1line can be used for studying linkage relations between incompatibility loci and marker genes. Only one of the two incompatibility loci of rye has so far been localized, on chromosome 1R. In order to locate the second locus, crosses were performed with plants possessing known isozyme markers of the rye genome. Linkage was found with the β‐glucosidase locus on chromosome 2R. By combined analysis a recombination value of C.144 was determin

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY