摘要:

AbstractThe suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plantsLolium multiflorumLam. (Italian ryegrass) andFestuca arundinaceaSchreb. (tall fescue).In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashigeand SkoogMS medium supplemented with 2,4‐D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4‐D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4‐D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4‐D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4‐D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4‐D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4‐D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months.In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. III. Ability of winter wheat F1populations with the two heterozygous 1AL–IAS/1AL–IRS and 1BL–1BS/1BL–IRS chromosome pairsApplication of anther culture to four F1hybrids between the IBL–IRS (‘Amigo’) and several 1BL–IRS wheat‐rye translocation forms yielded 129 green pollen plants in an average embryo induction frequency of 17.6 %. A total of 2632 anthers was inoculated. 25 % and 42 % of the regenerated plants were haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid, and 33 % had abnormal chromosomal structure.After chromosome doubling treatment 87% of all pollen plants set seeds. By means of multiple peroxidases and Giemsa C‐banding patterns, the anther culture progeny could be further classified into 16 plants without the short arm of IR‐chromosome of rye, 21 IAL–IRS and 50 1BL–IRS translocation lines and into 16 IAL–IRS, IBL–IRS double translocation lines according to the four possible characteristic types of F2gametes of the tested F1hybrids. Advantages of the haploid technique for the selection of desirable traits and the meaning of the IRS

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllied species of cropBrassicashave potential value as donors of useful nuclear/organelle genomes.Eruca sativa, a member of subtribeBrassicineae, is resistant to white rust and well adapted to drought. Attempts to hybridize it withBrassica campestrisby conventional methods were unsuccessful. However, hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue and the hybrid embryos were found to produce numerous secondary embryos in upto 7 to 8 subcultures. Plantlets developed from them exhibited morphological characteristics of both parents. The chromosome number of 2n = 42 showed that they were amphidiploids. The plants were allotctraploids (2n = 42) and showed 21 bivalents at M1of meiosis. Hybridization of total DNA of the hybrids with two probes, aB. campestristandem repeat DNA and 18s ribosomal DNA of wheat showed that it was derived from the genome of both parents. The hybrids are self‐fertile and show the same high fertility even in A3generation. They were selfed or crossed withB. juncea, B. campestrisandB. nigrato screen for useful agronomical traits. Six more embryos ofE. saliva × B. campestrishave been obtained and their growth is being studied. Preliminary small scale field trials indicate that the selfed hybrid is comparable in yield with a high yielding commercial variety ofB. junc

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn effective method of incorporating germplasm of wild 2xSolanumspecies into the cultivated potato is through hybridization with haploids of 4xS. tuberosumGroup Tuberosum. This procedure provides for the introduction of desirable traits and genetic diversity from wild species into potato. Haploid and wild species genotypes can be evaluated for parental value based on the presence of good tuberization, desirable traits, fertility, and 2n gametes in their hybrid progeny. Haploid‐wild species hybrids may be intercrossed and evaluated at the 2x level to take advantage of diploid genetic ratios. Selected 2x genotypes may then be brought to the 4x level through sexual polyploidization with 2n gamete

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiploid and tetraploid potato clones were transformed with therolC gene fromAgrobacterium rhizogenesunder the control of the cauliflower‐35‐S promoter. Parameters proper to the sink and source attributes and hormone treatments have been considered to study the effect of the gene on yield physiology of the potato plant. The expression of therol Cgene in diploid and tetraploid potato lines induced drastic developmental abnormalities like dwarfism and increased tillering. Hormonal treatments revealed a different behavior ofrolC transformams and controls. This supports the conclusion that the gene product of the ml C gene interacts with the hormonal status of the plant. Grafting experiments showed the non‐ditfusable nature ofrol Cgene product. Tuberization was studiedin‐vitroandin‐planta.Relevant differences in tuber shape and eye number were noted betweenrol Ctransfonnams and controls. Tuber yieldsin‐plantain greenhouse or in growth chamber resulted higher in the controls; a significant increased number of tubers per plant was found, however, in both diploid and tetraploidrol Ctransformants. The effect of therolC gene was apparently too drastic for diploid and tetraploid potatoes; weaker and tissue specific promoters may be necessary to induce only those modifications which are wanted for this crop. The experiments nevertheless proved that one single gene was capable in potato to affect substantially the manifestation of vieldmg

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrosses were made between four spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) cultivars and five F1, hybrids with one genotype ofHordeum bulbosumL. in two locations to investigate further previous low crossabilities which had been found in the barley cultivar ‘Apex’ withH. bulbosum.Data at all the main steps of theH. bulbosumtechnique were recorded andstatistically analyzed.Significant differences between barley genotypes were demonstrated for all characters. It was confirmed that ‘Apex’ has poor crossability withH. bulbosum.Out of the three F1hybrids having ‘Apex’ as one parent, two exhibited low crossability similarly to ‘Apex’ but one showed significantly higher seed setting than ‘Apex’.The effect of the location was only significant on seed setting, while genotype X location interactions were significant on seed setting, seed quality and rate of haploid plants in relation 10 florets pollinated. Another problem which has influenced the success rate of theH. bulbosummethod was found in the cultivar ‘Havilla’. Although seed setting and seed quality were high for this cultivar, embryo differentiation was low. However, this latter problem was found to influence less the overall success rate than poor crossability.Mahalanobis's distances were calculated and the dendrite of the shortest distances between barle

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test for the association of the eyespot of wheat cv. ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ with the structural gene encoding the isozymeEp‐A1, F3, families from the cross ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ (resistant) X ‘Chinese Spring’ (susceptible) were selected on the basis of endopeptidase phenotype. Analysis of eyespot reaction showed thatEp‐Albhomozygotes were associated with a higher level of resistance thanEp‐Ala homozygotes. Thus selection of theEp‐Alballelc should assure concurrent selection of at least a part of the eyespot resistanc

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐three third backcross lines which comprise a set of near isogenic lines (NIL's) of the barley cultivar ‘Clipper’ but each carrying a different chromosomal segment fromHordeum spontaneum, marked with a distinct isozyme, were tested for resistance to three races of the barley leaf rust pathogen(Puccmia hordei).Fourteen lines showed resistance to at least one race and three showed resistance to all three races. The resistance in two of these lines was controlled by separate, single partially dominant genes. In one case the resistance gene named Rph1O was on chromosome 3 and linked (r = 0.15 ±0.05) with the isozyme locus Est2. In the second case, the gene (Rph11) was on barley chromosome 6 and linked (r = 0.07±0.02) with the isozyme locusAcp3and (r = 0.11±0.02)

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn electrophoretic study of gliadin and glutenin proteins, mainly low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) Glutenin Subunits, was undertaken to investigate possible assoeiations between these proteins and gluten strength. Thirty‐eight durum wheat cultivars having different origins and currently grown in Spam were analysed. Different electrophoretic methods were used to analyse the seed storage proteins. Protein grain content was estimated and gluten strength was measured by the SDS‐sedimentation test. New patterns for LMW glutenins were observed. Besides the known patterns of LMW‐1, associated with γ‐gliadin 42, and LMW‐2 associated with γ‐gliadin 45, six cultivars had LMW‐2−associated with γ‐gliadin 43, one cultivar showed LMW‐2* associated with γ‐gliadin 44, and another cultivar, null for γ‐42 and γ‐45, had LMW‐1−. Significant differences for gluten strength were found among groups of cultivars with different LMW patterns. High molecular weight glutenins were found in general to be poor indicators of viscoelastic properties, although band 20 showed a negative influence on quality. The results are discussed in relation to development

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe content of soluble non‐digestible, non‐starch polysaccharides (SNDP) in grain of about 700 inbred lines of rye varied during three seasons (1985–1987) from 35 to 75 mg/g with the highest frequency between 55 and 75 mg/g. The SNDP level in popular Polish open pollinated cultivars was never below 60 mg/g.The results of reciprocal crosses proved lack of xenia effect on the SNDP content.The level of SNDP compounds was not correlated with either protein or thousand kernel weight.In spite of large environmental effect of SNDP and protein contents the coefficients of variation of these characters in S3sublines in each environment were below 7 % and the heritability in broad sense amounted up to 0.73 for SNDP and 0.61 for protein. A few lines have been selected with low SNDP content transferred to their progenies. In some of them protein content was as high as 18%; these might be good donors of high nutritive

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY