摘要:

AbstractThree or four‐way recurrent selection is proposed for the development of three or four‐way crosses. In term of genetic effects, it could be justified if there are interactions between more than three genes, whether alleles or not, if autopolyploids are also considered. For autotetraploids, in particular with tetragenic interaction, four‐way recurrent selection could be more effective than reciprocal recurrent selection (two‐way selection). According to the types of progenies used to develop the tests, different selection procedures are considered, the two extremes being called method 1 and method 3. With method 1 (selection for three or four‐way general combining ability) a plant from a population is used to produce three‐way or four‐way progenies with the other populations used as testers. With method 3 (selection for three or four‐way specific combining ability) three‐way or four‐way crosses are developed with one plant from each population. To study the genetic advance, the theory is developed to consider either diploidy or autotetraploidy. It is shown that method 3 will allow a greater genetic advance than method 1 for low heritability and low selection intensity. The way towards hybrid development with three and four‐way pedigree selection is discussed: again selection can be for general or specific three or four‐way combining ability. It is emphasized that an advantage of recurrent selection for three or four‐way specific combining ability is that it allows direct varietal development with pedigree selection on three or four‐way specific combining ability. Some other practical

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA pr

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmature zygotic embryos of the sunflower inbred line ‘Ha 300’, cultivated on a modified MS medium containing 6‐benzyladenine and a high amount of sucrose, regenerated fertile plants via direct somatic embryogenesis. Plant regeneration from immature sunflower embryos is generally characterized by a relatively high experimental variability resulting from the interactions of multiple factors. We present here a study of some of the factors acting on the donor plants and their influence on the capacity to regenerate plants.Repeated experiments during a 2‐year period with greenhouse‐grown as well as field‐grown plants led to the following conclusions: (i) The use of pesticides, unavoidable in the greenhouse, is compatible with routine regeneration of fertile plants, (ii) The plant growth retardants tested were useful for the production of healthy plants in the greenhouse and had no effect on the regenerati

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn most interspecific hybridization among diploidBrassicaspecies (n = 8, 9, 10), few or no hybrids are obtained, and the three crosses of tetraploid (n = 17, 18, 19) by diploid species are usually only partially successful, especially in one of the reciprocal crosses. Such a cross‐incompatibility complex is explained in this paper by a polar‐nuclei activation (PNA) hypothesis which proposes two reversible functions, a normal reproduction and a sexual barrier, of double fertilization in higher plants. The first, i.e. the relative activating value (AV) of diploid species, was estimated as 1.0–3.5, whereas that of tetraploid species was 2.7–5.2. In addition, crosses with a polar nuclei activation index (AI) of about 15–87 % were compatible but those beyond the two limits were incompatible, 50 % of those showing normal seed development after self‐

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred years after the creation of the first true triticale crosses of Rimpau, several recent cultivars of triticale and rye have been crossed with two of them. Recombinants of the awned type of Rimpau's triticale (10) with ‘Grado’, ‘Lasko’ and ‘Otello’ exhibited a prolonged vegetative period, a shorter straw, an improved lodging resistance, good yielding capacity and higher disease resistance as compared

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractF4progenies of a cross between durum wheat cultivar ‘Creso’ and an accession ofTriticum turgidumssp.dicoccoideswith high protein content were analysed by two different electrophoretic procedures (A‐PAGE and SDS‐PAGE). Variation of storage proteins at theGlu‐A1,Glu‐B1,Glu‐B3andGli‐B1loci was studied. Electrophoretic analyses have shown that parents contain different alleles at each of the four loci considered and that protein components ofT. dicoccoidesare uncommon among cultivated wheats. Recombination between theGlu‐B3andGli‐B1loci was observed. To determine the effects of the allelic variants on gluten properties, F5grains from every F4line were analysed for protein content and SDS‐sedimentation value. Gluten quality was strongly associated with the allelic type of proteins coded by theGlu‐B3locus and, to a lesser extent, to those coded byGlu‐A1. Mean sedimentation value of progenies possessing the ‘Creso’Glu‐B3allele was significantly greater than that showing theT. dicoccoidesallele. High molecular weight glutenin sub‐units coded by theT. dicoccoides Glu‐A1locus were also associated with larger sedimentation values than null form of ‘Creso’. Results of SDS‐test, obtained for recombinants betweenGlu‐B3andGli‐B1, confirmd that specific omega‐ and gamma‐gliadins are only genetic markers of quality, whereas variation for LMW glutenin subunits coded atGlu‐B3

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe wildCeratotropisspecies which occur in Japan consist ofVigna angularisvar.nipponensis,V. nakashimae,V. riukiuensisandV. reflexo‐pilosa.The main aim of the present study is to detect cross‐compatibility of adzuki bean and rice bean with these wild relatives.The cross ofV. nakasbimaewith adzuki bean was successful in both directions and viable seeds were produced, while the cross with rice bean was not successful.V. riukiuensisis cross‐compatible with adzuki bean and rice bean only whenV. riukiuensisis used as male parent and the hybrid seeds showed normal germination. The cross betweenV. reflexopilosaand the two cultigens adzuki bean and rice bean did not succeed in either direction.The present results suggest thatV. nakashimaeandV. riukiuensiscould be used as gene sources for the adzuki bean breeding programme through interspecific hybridization. Successful hybrids between adzuki bean and rice bean cannot easily be produced. However, sinceV. riukiuensisis cross‐compatible with both adzuki bean and rice bean,V. riukiuensiscould be useful as a bridge species between adzuki bean and ri

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe anther form and development of eight two‐rowed genie male sterile barley mutants are abnormal. The male sterility in each mutant is conditioned by single non‐allelic recessive genes. These mutant genes cause reductions in anther size and lumen diameter. Though in seven mutants, the male meiosis is normal until microspore liberation, the micro‐spores abort in all cases after release from the PMCs. In one mutant, the microspores degenerate at the tetrad stage before release from the PMCs. In four mutants, the tapetal development and disintegration are normal, in four others they are abnormal. Despite these variations, the male sterility in all the eight mutants is com

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo improve estimates of the true ploidy level of pure diploid triploid, and tetraploid sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) plants, and of populations of mixed ploidy, the effect of leaf age/size was evaluated on ploidy determination by flow cytometry. There were significant differences between old and young leaves, with young leaves giving the best estimate of the true ploidy level of the plants. The old leaves seemed to express a high degree of endopolyploidy.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarly embryo‐sac development in two faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) cultivars (A‐108 and A‐151) was studied under a 23/16°C day/night temperature regime. Endosperm nuclei divided synchronously during the first 8 divisions and produced normal nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed after the 7th division and their number increased rapidly after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 18th day after pollination. During the following days the endosperm nuclei decreased in number and finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. It was concluded that early embryo‐sac development inVicia fabawas different fromV. narbonensisonly in that the mean endosperm cell cycle time inV. fabawas longer than inV. nar

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY