ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAluminum limits wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) yields on acid soils. An aluminum‐tolerant, N‐genomeTriticumspecies was used to produce amphiploids, which were tested lor tolerance to 0.44 mM aluminum in solution, to assess the possibility of transferring tolerance to bread wheat. Two types of amphiploids, having the N‐genomc(Triticum uniaristatum)in common, were produced by treating three differentTriticum ventricosum(DDNN) ×Triticum turgidum(AABB) hybrids and a singleTriticum ventricosun×Triticum timopheevii(AABB) hybrid with colchicine. It would appear that the N‐genome amphiploids can be utilized to transfer tolerance to aluminum to cultivatedTriticumspecies and to study the genetics of tolerance in the

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA partial male‐sterility system was found in a released guar,Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.) Taub. (2n = 2x = 14), breeding line, TX76‐3285. Partially male‐sterile plants produce some functional pollen, but with suitable genetic markers may be used to facilitate crossing in breeding programs. In addition, self fertilization allows partially male‐sterile plants to be propagated sexually as homozygotes, once placed in breeding lines. The objective of the present study was to determine the inheritance of a partial male‐sterility system in guar. Partial male‐sterility appeared to be controlled by two genes, with one gene acting in a dominant epistatic manner and the second gene by incomplete dominance. The trait was expressed on every raceme beginning at about 4 to 6 weeks after planting in field‐grown plants. The gene symbols, “pms1” and “Pms2” are proposed for the new trait. Segregation data indicated that alleles for pubescence segregated independently of alleles for partial male‐sterility. Partial male‐sterility in guar may be useful in the production of hybrid seed for bree

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken to estimate heritability of pod length and seed weight in guar,Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.) Taub., and to determine genetic relationships between the two traits. Narrow‐sense heritability (h2) estimates ranged from 0.63 to 0.68 for pod length and from 0.54 to 0.57 for seed weight. An additive‐dominance model was adequate to explain gene action involved in the inheritance of both traits. Estimates indicate a minimum of 5 loci or chromosome segments control pod length and 2 control seed weight. Phenotypic correlations between pod length and seed weight were highly significant and positive. Genotypic correlations between the two traits were low and positive. Moderate to high heritability values for the two traits indicate that selection for improvement in either trait should be fairly rapid. Low genotypic correlations between the traits should not pose a significant barrier in developing large seed, grain‐type cult

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperiments were undertaken to determine the inheritance of pod length in a cross with spring rapesecd,Brassica napus, and to assess the value of pod length as a criterion of selection for high seed yield.Analyses of patterns of variation in F2; and backcross populations derived from a cross between a short‐pod line TB42 and long‐pod line CA553 indicated that much of the variation in pod length could be attributed to two major genes interacting in a complementary manner. Short‐pods were produced when cither one or both genes were homozygous for the recessive allele. Analyses of F3progenies of selected F2and inbred‐backcross lines derived from the same cross supported the two‐gene hypothesis but also indicated that the effects of the major genes on pod length were possibly modified by genes of minor effect.Field testing of families derived from random intermating between F2, plants of the TB42 × CA553 cross showed that number of pods per plant varied independently of pod length, but seed weight per pod tended to increase with increasing pod length. As a result, families with the longest pods generally had significantly higher yields than those with short pods.It was concluded that yield improvement inB. napuscould be achieved through introgression of long‐pod genes into cultivars with an appropriate genetic background to ensure that selection for the long‐pod character would be accompanied by an increase in seed weight per pod with little or no reduction in number of

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA Triple Test Cross and basic generations (i.e. inbred parents, F1′s, F2′s and backcrosses) have been used to investigate the genetics of dry matter yield in a population ofLolium perenne.Two trial designs, short, individual plant drills and larger sown plots were used at each of two sites in the U.K., at Aberystwyth and Birmingham. The families studied correspond to those raised as spaced plants and reported in the first paper in this series. In contrast to the spaced plants trial, the drill trial resulted in considerable epistasis as well as additivity and dominance variation whilst the plot trial failed to identify any significant genetic variation. There was considerable G × E interaction over sites and harvests, particularly in the amount of dominance. The latter showed a clear linear relationship with mean performance at both sites, the dominance ratio being higher in the poorest environments. This is largely due to the additive variance decreasing in the poor environments rather than the dominance being higher. The implications of these results to grass breeding are discu

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDoubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivar ‘Chris’ were analyzed for presence of variation in agronomic characters, isozyme patterns, and meiotic traits. Twenty‐two doubled haploid lines and the parent cultivar were evaluated for days of heading, plant height, number of tillers per row, number of kernels per spike, 1,000 kernel weight, yield per tiller, and row yield. Leal material of selected doubled haploids and ‘Chris’ was analyzed by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and superoxide dismutase. Ring and rod configurations were scored at meiotic metaphase 1. The doubled haploids averaged significantly lower 1,000 kernel weight and yield per tiller than ‘Chris’. Although not significantly different, the doubled haploids were 19% lower in yield than ‘Chris’. Variations in isozyme patterns and meiotic abnormalities occurred in plants of selected doubled haploid lines that were significantly different from the parent cultivar in agronomic characters. These variations suggest that chromosomal abnormalities may have been responsible for altered enzyme activity and agronomic performance of the

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of anther culture in breeding winter wheat.II. Production of new doubled haploid lines of winter wheat with 1AL—1RS‐translocationA total of 4472 anhers was cultured from 8 F1populations of winter wheat with the 1AL—1RS wheat‐rye translocation cultivar ‘Amigo’ as one of the crossing arents. When averaged over all populations a frequency of embruoid formation of 10% and of regeneration efficiency of green plants of 1% were observed. In addition to the 45 green regenerated plants, 93 albinos were obtained. 44% of the green plantlets had 21 chromosome in root tips and 29% were spontaneous diploids. Multiple peroxidases were used a biochemical markers in the subsequent characterization of the homogeneous breeding material. The electrophoretic patterns showed that 16 doubled haploids without rye chromosome segments were produced. In addition the features of dh0‐ plants showed, that several of the new 1AL—1RS‐translocation l

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY