摘要:

AbstractThe effects of supplying varying levels of sulphur to transgenicBrassica napusplants expressing the Brazil nut 2S albumin in their seeds were studied in the field. The aim was to determine if transgenic plants responded differently to such stress, and whether expression of the transgene would be effected. The transgenic plants were similar to normal plants in their response to sulphur stress. Increases in sulphur concentration were correlated with an increase in fresh and dry matter quantities as well as an increase in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur levels in the vegetative parts of the plants. No effect on yield parameters was observed. Increasing sulphur levels resulted in an increase in the glucosinolate content, and shifts in fatty acid composition were observed. None of these changes could be correlated with the response of the transgene. The expression of the latter was altered at neither the mRNA nor The protein levels, presumably because the promoter used does not respond directly to sulphur level changes. The procedures used to create the transgenic plants in this work appear not to result in plants that respond to sulphur stress differently from normal plants in the ranges studied.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClubroot, caused byPlasmodiophora brassicaeWoron, is a major disease of cruciferous crops and few sources of resistance have been detected and genetically studied in theBrassica oleraceaspecies. In this study, two diallel mating systems using resistant kale lines and susceptible cauliflower lines were performed. Resistance was assessed from a disease index evaluated on young plants artificially inoculated with local isolates of the parasite.Both general and specific combining ability effects (GCA and SCA) and partly reciprocal effects were demonstrated. Resistance inheritance was, however, characterized by a predominance of additive genetic effects (GCA). Three groups of parent lines could be separated; kale lines with very high resistance, kale lines with intermediate resistance and susceptible cauliflower lines. In the two kale groups, two genetically different resistance types were suggested and various recurrent selection procedures are proposed following the diallel results.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractASolatium tuberosumdihaploid that proved to be a 2npollen producer, exhibited two types of meiotic abnormality involved in 2npollen formation: premature cytokinesis at prophase II and parallel/tripolar spindles in meiosis II. For this reason such a dihaploid was preferentially used as a seed parent in crosses with the diploid speciesS. tarijense, S. sanctae‐rosae, andS. phureja.Diploid interspecific hybrids were evaluated for male fertility, for 2npollen production and stability over three years and for meiotic nuclear restitution mechanisms. Pollen stainability ranged from 6 to 85% and 2npollen from 5 to 35% among hybrids. The meiotic mechanism generating 2n pollen was that of spindle abnormality in meiosis II and consequent dyad/triad formation. High correlation was found between fused/parallel spindles and dyad

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to introduce valuable traits from wild species ofCyclamenintoC. persicumcultivars, crosses were made betweenC. persicum‘Reinweiß’andC. purpurascens.Crossing barriers betweenC. persicum‘Reinweiß’andC. purpurascenswere due to late‐acting incompatibility reactions. Interspecific hybrids were obtained by using ovary culture. The highest number of embryos was achieved from placentas excised 21 days and 35 days after pollination and transferred to Murashige‐Skoog (M.S.)–medium containing 6% sucrose and 1% agar. The hybrids showed a habit and a chromosome number intermediate between the parents. The fragrant flowers were pale red‐purple. The chromosome number in root tips was determined as 2n= 41 while inC. persicumit is 2n= 48 and inC. purpurascens2n= 34. Due to the different parental chromosome sizes, chromosomes of distinct size were still observed in the hybrid. Pollen viability varied between 0.3 and 34.0%. Parents and interspecific hybrids also showed differences in the DNA content of leaf tissue. Flow cytometric analyses were useful in the early identifi

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOvary slice culture, after cut‐style pollination, was used to develop interspecific hybrids betweenLilium longiflorumandL. concolor.Reciprocal crosses between diploid cultivars (2n = 2x = 24) were carried out. On the days 30, 35, 40 and 45th after pollination (DAP), ovaries were sliced and cultured on a modified hormone‐free Murashige‐Skoog (M–S) medium without NH4NO3, supplemented with 6% sucrose, 50 mg/1 yeast extract and 0.25% gelrite at pH 6.3. For theL. longiflorum × L. concolorcross, ovule germination was found to be best at 30 DAP. After transfer to a M–S (half‐strength) medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose and 0.25% gelrite at pH 5.8, diploid and triploid hybrid plants were established. In contrast, ovules from theL. concolor × L. longiflorumcross did not germinate. The hybridity of the plantlets obtained was verified by karyotype and isozyme analysis. The importance of the ovary slice culture technique as a tool to develop new hybrids between incompatible lilly plants

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree major types of B subunits of glutenin patterns were detected among 240 durum wheat lines collected from eleven countries by the one‐step one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE procedure. Most commercial durum lines had the LMW‐2 type while extensive variation of other banding patterns was found for lines particularly from North African and Mediterranean region. A total of 281 wild and less‐cultivated tetraploid wheat lines (var.dicoczoides, Triticum dicoccumandT. polonicum) were also studied for the variation of low molecular weight glutenin subunits and extensive variation was found. The complexity of banding patterns observed among theT. turgidumspecies indicate a rich source of glutenin variation with a potential value to be used for quality improvement of cultivated wheat when their functional properties have be

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was the incorporation of resistance to BaYMV andRhynchosporium secalisinto German winter barley varieties together with the maintenance of their high agronomic characters. The agronomic value of DH‐lines after two backcrosses and three haploid steps were compared with the original parents. Lines with similar or superior results could be selected for all the agronomic features evaluated. This method of recurrent selection with repeated haploid steps can therefore lead to the development of lines useful for practical purpose

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA field experiment was designed to compare control with tissue culture‐derived plants of rice, and to study the effects of natural selection pressure applied to the first generation (R0) ofin vitroplants on the performance of their progeny. Control‐ and R0in vitroplants of four rice varieties from middle altitude in Burundi, i.e. Facagro 57′, Facagro 76′, ‘Kirundo 3’ and ‘Kirundo 9’, were cultivated at four different altitudes (800, 1380, 1650 and 1900 m). Several parameters concerning tillering capacity, plant height development and seed production were measured. The means for most measured parameters were higher in control plants than in thein vitroplants, while the higher variation coefficients and most extreme values were usually found in thein vitroplants. For each variety, the 20 control plants and 20in vitroplants having the highest production were selected at each altitude of 1380 and 1650 m, and their progenies were cultivated on the same site at 1580 m. Among the plants arising from 1650 m, most maximum values, higher variation coefficients and, in some cases, higher means were found in thein vitroplants. In contrast, among the plants arising from 1380 m, higher means most usually corresponded to control plants, while the tendency for maximum values and variation coefficients were unclear. These results indicate the positive effect of natural selection pressure applied in the first generation to plants rising from tissue culture. They also demonstrate that considerable variation may be generatedin vitro.The interest for plant breeding purpos

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy electrophoretic analysis of F2 progenies from crosses among the hexaploid wheat varieties ‘Cajeme 71’, ‘Ablaca’, ‘Anza’ and ‘Pané 247’, two new prolamin lociGli‐D4andGli‐D5, were mapped on the short arm of chromosome ID. TheGli‐D4locus controls gliadins of type γ and is situated on the short arm of chromosome ID between the centromere and theGli‐D1locus with a genetic distance of 10.1±2.4 cM from this locus. TheGli‐D5locus controls gliadin type ω and was mapped 3.7 ± 0.8 cM fromGli‐Dland locat

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo bread wheat cultivars, ‘Ariana 8’ and ‘Cajeme 71’, and 129 F2, grains from the cross between them were analysed for gliadin composition. Two monodimensional (A‐PAGE and SDS‐PAGE) and two different two‐dimensional (SDS‐PAGE x SDS‐PAGE and A‐PAGE x SDS‐PAGE) electrophoretic methods were used. Parents differed at theGli‐Allocus, detected by A‐PAGE. The SDS‐PAGE of the aqueous ethanol extractable protein under nonreduced conditions showed two bands of ‘Ariana 8’ and one of ‘Cajeme 71’, encoded by genes located 22 cM from theGli‐Allocus, and therefore, located at theGli‐A3locus. This locus has been considered to contain genes coding for ω‐gliadins alone. The two‐dimensional maps of the parents showed that one band from ‘Ariana 8’ was an ω‐gliadin, but the other two bands, one from each parent, were γ‐gliadins. Results obtained indicated that GH‐A3, likeGli

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY