ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of lines, differing in isozyme genotype, were constructed by selection from within three cultivars ofLolium perenne.Field assessment of the progeny of these selected line? revealed variation in yield and timing of inflorescence emergence. This variation between lines from within a cultivar could not be accounted for by the differing levels of homozygosity attained. In some instances differences in yield were associated with homozygosity for specific alleles at thePGI/2locus, background genotype was however, of major importance. The variation identified could be attributable to founder effects or possible linkage of quantitative trail loci to thePGI/2locus.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGliadin electrophoregrams, protein content and SDS‐sedimentation values from the modified SDS‐sedimentation test were obtained from six Greek cultivars ofTriticum durumand 98 biotypes (78 with white glumes, 20 with red glumes). Our results provide wheat breeders with the tool TO predict the cooking quality ofdurumwheat from early generation breeding lines, since we were able to correlate the colour of the glume with the presence or absence of gliadin bands 42/45. All red glume biotypes lacked gliadin band 45 and possessed gliadin band 42. Furthermore, their SDS sedimentation values were around 27 (weak gluten), indicating poor cooking quality. Yet, the electrophoregrams of the gliadin proteins allowed an identification of the wheat cultivars examined, since for each cultivars the pattern was different. No correlation was found between the colour of the glume and the amount of total gram prot

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the genetic inheritance of morpho‐physiological leaf traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.). The experimental material comprised six generations, viz., two inbred parents, ‘T88’ and ‘Bold Seeded’, having contrasting leaf traits, and their derived F1, F2and backcross of F1to either parent (B1and B2). The experiment was randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic parameters were estimated by generation mean analysis using all the six generations. Data were collected on individual plants within each family just before flowering on leaflet area (LA), number of leaflets per leaf (LL), rachis length (RL), and leaflet density (LD), which was calculated as number of leaflets per unit length of rachis. A simple additive‐dominance model was found to be adequate to describe the inheritance of LL and LA, while dominance × dominance (i.e. [1]) and additive × dominance (i.e. [i]) interactions were also significant for RL and LD, respectively. Improvement or seed yield per plant may result from selection for LA by improving both RL and LL. Leaflet area may be included in the ongoing selection schemes, as a supplementary trait to increase the speed of improvement in seed yield per plant. Lanceolate leaflet shape was observed to be monogenically dominant over obovate leaflet shape, and segregated independently from purple/white

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChromosome 7D of the wheat line VPM1 derived from a cross ofAegilops ventricosawith wheat confers resistance to the facultative fungal parasitePseudocercosporella herpotrichoides.To determine the number of genes responsible fur this resistance, homozygous recombinant lines were developed from an F1between the wheat variety ‘Hobbit sib’ and a substitution line carrying chromosome 7D of VPM1 in a ‘Hobbit sib’ background.Resistance toPseudocercosporella herpotrichoidesis shown to be determined by a single gene located distally on the long arm of chromosome 7D.EpD1b, a unique allele of a gene encoding the readily detectable isoenzyme — endopeptidase, maps without recombination toPch1suggesting for two separate genes a maximum recombination value of 0.03 (P 0.05). Resistance toPherpotrichoidescould alter‐natively be a product ofEp‐D1b.Pch1is also mapped against a gene for adult plant resistance to brown rust (Puccinia recondita), toRc3which confers coleoptile colour, and to α‐Amy‐D2, an isozyme that encodes α

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrassica napusL. was resynthesized through interspecific hybridization betweenB. alboglabraBailey andB campestrisL. with the objective or developing yellow‐seeded forms of this species. For hybridization, one black‐seeded form and one light brown‐seeded form ofB. alboglabra(a subordinate ofB. oleracea) and one brown and ten yellow‐seeded forms ofB. campestriswere chosen as parents. Crosses with B. alboglabra as the female parent were more successful than crushes withB. campestrisas female. The use of the embryo rescue culture technique greatly increased the number of surviving hybrid embryos. Colchicine treatment was required for doubling the chromosome number of the amphihaploid hybrid plants. In the newly‐resynthesized rape forms, the white petal of B. alboglabra was partially epistatic over the yellow petal ofB. campestris.The self compatibility ofB. alboglabrawas hypostatic to the self incompatibility of B. campestris. The black‐seeded character ofB. alboglabraand the brown‐seeded character ofB. campestriswere completely eptstatic over the yellow‐seeded character ofB. campestrisand the light brown‐seeded character ofB. alboglabra.Implications of the results from this study in breeding yellow‐seededB.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract20 diploid clones from 7 varieties, and 10 tetraploid clones from 3 varieties ofLolium perennewere tested in replicated anther culture experiments. Embryos or calluses, were obtained from all clones, and plants were regenerated from all clones except one. The total yield of plants (albino and green plants) ranged from 0 to 61 plants per 100 cultured anthers among genotypes, and there was a general tendency for tetraploic genotypes to be more responsive. Viable green plants were obtained from 5 diploid and 7 tetraploid clones representing 2 and 3 varieties, respectively. Their origin from reduced pollen was confirmed by a haploid chromosome number in some regenerants and by homozygosity for isozyme loci in spontaneously chromosome doubled plants produced from heterozygous diploid donor plants. A large number of the plants were successfully established in the soil. For most donor genotypes, green plants were rare exceptions, but two diploic clones consistently produced 2.3 and 3.8 green plants per 100 cultured anthers, respectively. Estimates of variance components from replicates with greenhouse and field‐grown donor plants showed that genotypes accounted for about 73 per cent of the total variation in yield of embryos/calluses, while only 14—15 per cent of the total variation was due to replicates. Hence at present, emphasis should be placed on die selection of high‐response genotypes in material of high agronomic pote

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixteen inbred lines and one hybrid of manse were tested for their capability of somatic embryogenesis, and fully developed plants could be regenerated, from ten inbred, lines. The highest frequency of plant regeneration was expressed in the inbred line CHI 31, and when this line was crossed with a recalcitrant, non‐regenerating line, the F1and BC hybrids were regenerable. The results of reciprocal crosses demonstrated that dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation andin vitroregeneration of maize plants.Somaclonal and radiation‐induced variability was studied in maize to assess their nature and potential contribution to plant breeding., The inbred line CHI 31 possessing a highin vitrocapacity of somatic embryo formation was used as experiments.] material. CHI 31 plants were selfed and twelve‐day old zygotic embryos irradiated with60Co gamma radiation in situ. Mature caryopses were harvested and assigned as M1material. In another series, immature zygotic embryos (size 1.2—1.5 mm) were cultured in vitro on N‐6 medium supplemented with 2,4‐D (2.5 μM), and somatic embryos regenerated into plants; these were transplanted into soil and self‐pollinated. Regenerants from non‐irradiated cultures were grown as R1generation, while regenerants from irradiated explants were considered as M1R1generation.The genetic variability was evaluated in the M2, R2and M2R2generations, respectively, and compared with a non‐treated seed control. Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M; generation; however, the frequency of deviant types obtained in the R: generation (somaclonal variation) was significantly exceeding the one derived from the M2populations. The combination of expert irradiation andin vitroregeneration was most effective for the manifestation of chlorophyll and morphological o if types in the M2R2generation, and increased drastically the frequency of early flowering variants. Differences in the segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes amonsister somaclones in the R3and M3R3generations indicate a different genetic basis, of plants originating from the same explant. This phenomenon suggests a mutational sectoring of the callus during culture. Radiation induced and somaclonal variation exerted a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morp

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present investigation we have succeeded in obtaining a high frequency of regeneration of plantlets via somatic embryogenesis from callus derived from immature inflorescence explains ofTriticum aestivumvar, ‘Sonalika’. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4‐D, casein hydrolysate and coconut milk. A large number of embryoids germinated, to form plantlets on the medium when 2, 4‐D was omitted altogether or provided at low concentration. Plantlets were transferred to soil under natural environmental conditions and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n = 6x = 42. Experiments with nineteen other varieties show that there is a marked effect of genotype both on initiation of callusing as well as on regeneration. So far ‘Sonahka’ has proved to be the most responsive among varieties tested by us. With callus of the variety ‘Sonalika.’, we also conducted an investigation on long‐term retention of regenerative potential. During Song‐term culture, for about 12 months, the morphogenic potential gradually diminished and was finally lost, but the regeneration potential could be restored by subculturing at v

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Steffens, George L., and Theron S. Rumsey (eds), Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research Biomechanisms regulating growth and development.Nevins, D. J., and R. A. Jones (eds.), Plant Biology, Vol. 4, Tomato Biotechnology.Geisler, Gerhard, Pflanzenbau, Ein Lehrbuch — Biologische Grundlagen and Technik der Pflanzenproduktion, 2. Auflag

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY