摘要:

AbstractHybrid plants with 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and with a haploid rye genome were produced by backcrossing a primary octoploid triticale with its parental hexaploid wheat. Upon a second backcrossing or selfing, the rye chromosomes were eliminated rapidly. Added rye chromosomes, in varying numbers, affected the transmission rate of wheat chromosomes significantly. Loss of wheat chromosomes ranging from 0.06 to 0.35 per plant in different populations was observed. In these plants a remarkably high incidence of wheat/rye and rye/rye translocations occurred. Translocations were identified by using the C‐banding technique. Among 837 analyzed plants 64 wheat/rye and 256 rye/rye translocations were identified. In different generations of backcrossing or selfing the frequency of wheat/rye translocations varied between 4.23 % and 14.67 %. All 14 rye chromosome arms were involved in translocations but with different frequencies. BC1F3plants with homozygous wheat/rye translocations were isolated The results indicate that monosomic wheat/rye addition lines may be directly used as an effective means to transfer genetic material from rye into bread whea

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe successful transfer of mildew resistance, plant height suppression, leaf colour and several quantitative traits effecting yield from rye into wheat is demonstrated. Plants exhibiting these characters were derived from genotypes which contained a homozygous wheat genome (21”) and different number of additional rye chromosomes in the monosomic condition. Using the C‐banding technique wheat/rye translocation could not be detected in these plants, indicating that the size of the transferred segment must have been below the resolution power of this technique. The results suggest that in wheat plants with additional rye chromosomes in monosomic condition small segments of rye chromosomes with valuable genes are being transferred into wheat by translocation, most probably, between homoeologous wheat and rye chromosomes. The technique described in this paper appears to be a simple way of using rye chromatin in wheat improvem

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDirect introgression of genes from diploidAegilops squarrosa Linto hexaploid wheat (Tnticum aestivumL.) is an efficient way of developing stable, hexaploid lines with unique, useful genes. 39 such lines derived front direct crosses to determine the effects ofAc. squarrosagermplasm were field‐tested on productivity. Whereas some lines were agronomically inferior to the recurrent parent, others periormed at an equall or better level. In addition to the larget traits (Hessian‐fly and leaf‐rust resistance), other traits, including soilborne‐mosaic‐virus resistance and protein concentration, were

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of media on the rate of green plantlet formation from anther cultures of five different winter and spring wheat cultivars. An increased number of embryos and calli were produced on Ficoll‐containing liquid potato‐2 medium, whereas the addition of 0.2 M/l maltose increased the rate of regeneration. The genotypes had strong effect on the formation of plantlets, but the developed procedure allows also the regeneration of recalcitrant genotypes. On the best medium sequence, a total of 2430 anthers over all genotypes were plated which developed 1325 macroscopic structures (55 %) of which 159 green plants have developed, i.e. 12 % from the structures and 7 % from the plated anthers, respectiv

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross ofOryza sativa× O.rufipogonwas attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F2plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F2segregation. (3) It was possible to recoverindicatype recombinants among the anther‐derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O.rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated ri

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntergeneric hybridization is one of the effective methods to broaden the genetic base of cultivated species.Raphanus sativus, a member of the subtribeRaphaninae, has very hard pods at threshing time. In an attempt to transfer shattering resistance toBrassica napus, Raphanobrassicawas used as the male parent in crosses withBrassica napus. Plantlets were obtained by embryo rescue and were further multipliedin vitroby micropropagation of nodal segments. Morphology, cytology and DNA analysis confirmed the hybrid nature of these plants. They were backcrosscd withBrassica napusand the progeny was raised. Plants of BC1and BC2generations showed wide variation in morphology, chromosome number and pollen fertility. Some of the plants showed up to 95 % pollen fertility and resistance to shattering, indicating the potential for developingB. napuswith resistance to shattering.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine variation for activity of symbiosis withRhizobium melilotiin alfalfa, sweet clover and fenugreek. Seed specimens were obtained from the collection of the All‐Union Research Institute for Plant Breeding and Rhizobium strains from the All‐Union Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, both in Leningrad. Sterile methods of vegetative culture were employed. Statistical analysis of data on inter‐ and intracultivar variation allow one to suppose that in alfalfa and sweet clover, nitrogenase activity and symbiotic efficiency (ability of plants to increase biomass after inoculation) are controlled by different groups of genes. The latter symbiotic property is more strictly controlled by host genotype than the former. Fenugreek appeared to be more variable in its capacity for symbiosis than alfalfa and sweet clover. Differences between genotyyes in symbiotic activity correlate with division into subspecies and are inherited in self‐fertile progeny of fenugreek plants. Differences betweenR. melilotistrains for the efficiency of symbiosis with heterogceic natural fenugreek population are expressed to a lesser degree than with plants of more homogenic cultivar popu

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an attempt to generate more variation of the type represented by therugosusloci, r andrb, putative seed development mutants have been isolated from peas (Pisum sativumL.) following chemical mutagenesis of a round‐seeded (RRRbRb) genotype. The populations segregating for wrinkled seeds at the M3 generation were examined for their starch, lipid and protein content. The starch content of the wrinkled‐type variants was between 0 and 55 % with an amylose content between 0 and 80 %, compared with 51 % and 30 %, respectively, for the round‐seeded parent. When the range of compositions of the wrinkled‐type seed was grouped, the values indicated that similar phenotypic groups to the wild type (RRRbRb) and therugosustypes (rrRbRb, RRrbrbandrrrbrb) existed in the population. The lipid content of the putative mutants supported this conclusion. Furthermore, some of the values for starch content and composition, and for lipid content indicated that new mutants had been induced. The material represents the first report on chemically‐induced mutants of legumes with altered storage product co

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of selection for large root dimension on root and shoot characteristics of an Italian variety ofLolium perenneL. (cv. ‘Vejo’). Two cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) were carried out in 1983 and 1984 at Perugia (Italy). In each cycle, 20 out of 1,500 plants were selected and intercrossed under isolation. In 1985, 120 plants from‘Vejo selected’ and an equal number of plants from‘Vejo’ initial seed‐lot were grown hydroponically for 92 days; at the end of the experiment, the plants were measured for their number of leaves and stems, leaf length, length of the longest root, root volume and shoot and root dry weight.Sufficient genetic variability existed among plants of cv. ‘Vejo’ to allow highly significant responses to selection for root dimension (+25 % in root length, +39 % in root volume, + 67 % in root dry weight and +31 % in root: shoot dry weight ratio). Furthermore, two cycles of RRPS for root dimension did not show negative responses of the above‐ground

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe inheritance ot nine isozyme systems in selfed progenies of chives was studied elcctrophoretically. The isozyme systems studied were malate‐dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), triosephosphate‐isomerase (TP1), diaphorase (D1A), menadione‐reductase (MDR), esterase (EST), glutamate‐oxalacetate‐transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and superoxide‐dismutase (SOD). Segregation results of Goodness‐of‐Fit tests against the expected 1:2:1 and 3 : 1 ratios for codominant and dominant inheritance, respectively, led to the identification of 16 isozyme loci whose banding patterns are given in this paper. The first results on linkage relationships between isozyme loci and between theMdr‐3‐locusand a male sterility gene are given. These results and further studies will be used to mark important c

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY