摘要:

AbstractPlant regeneration was attempted in callus induced from the immature abnormal hybrid embryos betweenT. durumandS. cereale, using 4‐Huorophenoxyacetic acid as a growth regulator. In particular, the relationship of numerical variation in chromosomes between the callus tissues and the regenerated plants was investigated. Cytological observation revealed that there was no distinctive numerical difference between the shoot‐forming (SF) and the non‐shoot‐forming calluses and also between the SF calluses and the regenerated plants. The root‐tips of regenerated plants consisted of cells having various chromosome numbers, including the expected 2 n = 3 ×= 21 (genomes, ABR) of which the frequency was 69.8 %. The regenerated plants showed partial fertility, notwithstanding that the hybrid plants were expected to be sterile. Since the frequency of abnormal embryos was about 90 % in this cross, the utilization of abnormal embryos was demonstrated by use of call

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnther‐culture response inLolium perennewas studied in the hybrid populations from three responsive diploid parent clones to obtain genotypes with superior anther‐culture response through hybridization. Genetic variation for anther‐culture response was significant both within and between the four hybrid families and their parents. A reciprocal effect was indicated for embryo formation and regeneration percentages for one of the cross combinations. Among 55 hybrid clones tested in two environments, 6 clones were identified with an anther‐culture response level superior to their parents. While the parents produced one green plant or less per 100 anthers, these superior clones produced from 11 to 59 green plants/100 anthers, mainly as the result of improved embryo formation and improved percentages of regenerated plants being green. A significant correlation (r = 0.397**) was observed between embryo formation and percentage of green plants. The results are discussed with regard to the possible transfer of anther‐culture response to non‐responsive breeding material through hy

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProtoplasts were isolated from young inflorescence‐derived suspension cultures of a japonica rice cultivar ‘Taipei 177’. The isolated protoplasts which were cultured either in liquid, agar on Sea plaque agarose underwent sustained division. Maximum plating efficiency of 1.06% occurred in a medium containing macroelements of KM, microelements and vitamins of B5, 0.5 % Sea plaque agarose, 1.0 mg/l of 2,4‐D, and glucose as an osmotic stabilizer. Green and albino plants were regenerated from the protocalli in MS semisolid medium containing 4 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate (

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 118 rice varieties/lines (Oryza sativaL.) from Bangladesh were analyzed for endosperm storage proteins on a single seed basis. The screening was done by observing the profiles of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) with standardjaponicavariety ‘Kinmaze’. Six groups were classified on the basis of the poly‐peptide banding patterns. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to ensure the SDS‐PAGE results in selected varieties. The analysis of extracted protein fractions revealed that one variety had low prolamin and one variety had high glute

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIsoenzyme analyses have been carried out in polyploid rye. Taking into consideration zymograms at the diploid level, conclusions can be drawn concerning the genetics of band positions and band intensity. This is rather clear with the aspartate aminotransferase and the NAD‐specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase. For both isoenzymes one gene locus with two alleles is responsible in the zones analyzed. In both cases a superdominance is assumed. Thereby nulliplex‐, simplex‐, duplex‐, triplex‐ and quadru‐plex types can be distinguished. For the banding pattern with the leucine aminopeptidase two gene loci with two alleles each are responsible. With allelic interaction codominance is supposed. On this base it is possible to differentiate between homozygosity and heterozygosity. Difficulties in autopolyploid breeding can be overcome by means of genetically‐analyzed isoenzymes as markers. This is demonstrate

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interrelationships of seed yield components inEuphorbia lathyrisL. have been studied by means of path‐coefficient analysis. Two of seven components, ‘Number of flowers of primary inflorescence’ and ‘Number of flowers of secondary inflorescences’ proved to be of major importance through direct effects on ‘Total number of fruits’ as indicator of seed yield. Indirect effects generally arc being canalized via the same variables. Selection for seed yield is made possible through the relation between ‘Number of secondary branches’ and ‘Number of flowers of second

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn perennial ryegrass seed yield is low and unreliable and little is known about the seed‐yielding capacity of different cultivars. Therefore, genetic variation for seed yield was studied for therefore, genetic variation for seed yield was studied for three years at two locations. Twelve trials consisting of drilled plots of nine diploid, late‐flowering cultivars in four replications were harvested for seed. Significant gentic differences for seed yield and seed weight weight were detected. The ranking of the cultivars for seed yield differed from that for seed weight. The levels of seed yield and seed weight were affected by such environmental factors as year, soil type and crop production year, but interactions of these factors with cultivars were generally not significant. Variation in seed yield was more related to variation in seed number than to variation in seed weight. There were no significant cultivar differences for yield stability. The highest yielding cultivar was superior over a wide range of environments and the seed yield of the poorest cultivar was on average only 64% of that of the best culti

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInheritance of several morphological and fertility characters was studied in F2 generation of two sets of diallel cross, using Griffing's analysis of variance. A paramount importance of general combining ability (GCA) over specific combining ability was measured for most studied characteristics. Correlations among GCA values for seed yield, morphological and fertility characters do not give a clear definition of the plant ideotype. “Terminal inflorescence” character appeared to reduce the seed per ovule ratio. Higher additive component was found for the ovule per pod than for seed per pod charact

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn vitromutation induction experiments will become economically relevant only if the genetic variation can be highly increased by this procedure. For that purpose the utilization of as high X‐ray doses as possible are considered an important prerequisite. It was the objective to investigate the effect of split versus acute X‐ray doses onin vitroderived micro shoots ofGebera jamesoniiused as references system for plant species that can be propagatedin vitroby axillary shoots. Splitting of doses between 10 Gy and 50 Gy into 2 or 3 fractions separated by periods of 4th each for recovery led to considerably rising shoot production. The recovery from damage, represented by accumulating the number of shoots developed during 16 weeks at 4 subsequent dates pf cutoff post‐treatment, by propagation profiles, and by calculation of the factor of recovery, resulted in the application of very high X‐ray doses only usable by means of multiple dose fraction pro

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllium royleiStearn and both reciprocals of the interspecific hybrid betweenAllium cepaL. andA. royleidisplayed no symptoms ofPeronospora destructor(Berk.) Casp. after artificial or natural inoculations, whereasA. cepawas susceptible. In the offspring from the backcrossA. cepa× (A. roylei ×A. cepa) resistant and susceptible plants segregated after artificial inoculations, fitting a 1: 1‐ratio. This suggests that resistance is controlled by a single, dominantly‐inherited locus (designatedPd1) from the nuclear genome ofA. roylei.During a severe epidemic in the field, plants from the same backcross segregated resistant and susceptible individuals in a 3: 1‐ratio. Escapes may explain the deviation from the 1: 1‐segregation, but the presence of a second resistance locus segregating independently fromPd1cannot be excluded, implicating possible differences in virulence between populations ofP. destructor.The occurrence in the backcross offspring of plants having a morphology similar toA. cepawithout showing symptoms of downy mildew opens perspectives for breedingP. destructor‐resistant onio

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY