摘要:

AbstractTwelve primary hexaploid triticale (XTriticosecaleWittmack), synthesized from, three lines of tetraploid wheat (Triticum durumL.,T. turgidumL.) and four inbred lines of rye (Secale cerealeL.), were used to produce 18 crosses with homozygous wheat and heterozygous rye genome and 12 crosses with heterozygous wheat and homozygous rye genome. Parents and crosses of triticale, wheat, and rye were tested for two years (rye for one year only) in two‐replicate block designs with 1 m2‐plots. Data were assessed for plant height, grain yield and for yield‐related traits.Performance of triticale crosses was considerably lower than that of the wheat and rye crosses. The amount of heterosis varied greatly between years. Positive and mainly significant heterosis was revealed in triticale generations F1and F2. The average values were closer to those in wheat than to those in rye. For most characters a high level of heterosis was retained in tnucalt1 generation F2. Heterozygosity of the wheat and rye genome both contributed to heterosis in triticale. However, gene action of the rye genome strongly depended on the homozygous wheat background: one wheat line almost completely suppressed and another greatly stimulated the heterotic effect of the rye genome. In the later case, the amount of heterosis was related to that in rye per se. Information from hybrid rye breeding may therefore be used when establishing gene pools for hybrid breeding in trit

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe original identification of the chromosomes involved in each of the lines of the act of primary trisomics of winter rye variety ‘Esto’ does not correspond with recent results of gene localization studies. Using known morphological marker genes, N‐banding and test crossing with the standard translocation tester set, a more precise identification was possible. In the nomenclature of the Triticinae, the lines can be designated as follows: A = 7R; B = 5R; C = 2R; D = 3R; E = 4R; F = 6R; G

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn diploid rye, two genes were detected which cause hybrid necrosis by complementary action if both are present in dominant condition. Moreover, these genes cause hybrid necrosis in triticale complementing with cither one of the two genes,Ne1andNe2which are known to cause hybrid necrosis in wheat. It is suggested, that the two genes in rye are namedNer1andNer2corresponding to the wheat gene with which they complement in triticale. The consequences of the presence of necrosis genes in rye populations for breeding of rye are discussed.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe comparison, between the efficiency of anther culture and theHordeum bulbosummethod in barley was extended to the chromosome number distributions of all planes derived from the two techniques and the proportions of fertile doubled haploid plants which survived until maturity.The frequencies of haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid plants which were useful for practical breeding purposes were found to be around 90 % for both techniques. The remainder consisted of polyploid, mixoploid and aneuploid variants in the case of microspore‐derived plants and diploid interspecific hybrids in the progeny of theH. bulbosummethod. The ploidy level distributions of the microspore‐ and H. bulbosum‐derived plants appeared to be independent of the genotype of the donor.There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the proportions, of plants which survived a severe winter and the production of fertile doubled haploid plants. Both techniques can therefore complement each other in a breeding programme and their relative merits are discussed.Possible ways of improving doubled haploid production in barley are suggested for increasing its use in breeding sc

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStructural genes for leaf dimeric phosphatases (E.C. 3.1,3.2.) have been located on wheat chromosome arms 7BL and 7DL. No gene was found on 7AL. The results obtained pointed to the existence of two kinds of wheat phosphatases (monomers and dimers j located on different homoeologous groups, which is in agreement with results found inSecale cerealeandAgropyron intermedium.These results allow homoeologous relationships to be established through the classification of dimeric phosphatases and also provides another useful genetic marker for the 7BL and 7DL arms., They also provide further support for die concept of the conservation of gene synteny groups within the Triticnae.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBarrier(s) to interspecific hybridization between the cultivated chickpea,Cicer arietinumL., and eight other annual wild species, i.e.C. reticulatumLad.,C. echinospermumDav.,C. pinnatifidumJ. and S.,C. judaicumBoiss.,C. bijugumRech.,C. chorassanicum(Bge) M. Pop.,C. yamashitaeKit. andC. cuneatumRich., were investigated. In general, good pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed in all eight crosses and their reciprocals. En spite of a few pollen cube growth abnormalities in most crosses, pollen tube penetration into the ovule and, thus, fertilization was observed in all cross combinations. However, differences were observed in the time from pollination to fertilization, not only between different interspecific crosses but also between reciprocals of a particular interspecific cross. The crossability barrier is, therefore, believed to be due to factor(s) operating after fertilization.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHigh performingV. fabagenotypes have been successfully selected using an approach that combines the univariate and multivariate biometrical analyses of F|S from two complete 7×7 and 9×9 diallel cross experiments. The method used in the analyses included canonical analysis and cluster analysis of the phenotypic and genetic variance‐covariance matrices. All analyses have been applied, to the yield and yield components. Results of analyses provided information on the unit of selection, the selection criteria, and the selection procedure. The choice of an array of F1S seems to be more efficient than the choice of a single F2. Among the yield components studied, 100‐seed weight is the most important selection criterion which can improve yield most efficiently. The detected importance of the nonadditive genetic effects is that selection after intercrossing random plants from the mixed F1progenies of the same array is expected to be more effective than selection after Se

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMicrospore culture was employed to measure the relative efficiencies of anther culture and isolated microspore culture for the regeneration of embryoids and plants ofBrassica napus.The yield of embryoids and plants was at least 10‐fold greater from isolated microspores than from anther cultures. Approximately 1400 microspore‐derived homozygous line's, the parental varieties and the corresponding F2plants were grown in a field trial.Important agricultural characteristics, such as morphological homogeneity, growth rate, onset of flowering and seed setting were evaluated subjectively and seed yield and glucosinolate content of individual plants were determined. The relative concentrations of up to S different glucosinolates in these seeds were measured via an automated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The alkenyl and indole glucosinolates, the two most important categories of glucosinolates, were found in varying proportions and were independently determined in these line's. Our results do not support the previously suggested connection between low concentrations of glucosinolates and weak growth and/or poor seed yield. Additionally, no evidence was found that the lines derived from isolated microspore culture were subjected to unexpected selection pressures that might adversely affect the diversity of the lines obtained. These results demonstrate that microspore culture is a powerful tool not only for genetic analysis bur also for practical plant breed

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy using a system of agirose plating and agarose bead culture, it was possible to induce efficient somatic embryogenesis in protoplast‐derived calli of two rapeseed varieties, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Duplo’. Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyls. For the initial protoplast culture a modified 8P medium was employed containing 2,4D (1.0 mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/ 1), BAP (0.4 mg/l) and mannitol (7 %). After microcalli were obtained in four weeks, somatic embryos were induced by a two‐step method. This involved a modified MS medium containing 2,4D (3.0 mg/l) in the first step and no 2,4D, but BAP (3.0 mg/l) and GA3(0.1 mg/l) in the second. This procedure also secured plant r

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCultivar ‘Thatcher’, and ‘Thatcher’ lines withLr21 andLr22 were studied against a number of races ofPuccinia reconditafor seedling and adult plant reaction. The study has established thatLr21 andLr22 are genes effective againstP. reconditaat adult plant stage. It has also shown that these genes confer resistance against all races when plants are inoculated at boot lea

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY