摘要:

AbstractDifferentPelargoniumhybrids are of great importance to horticulture. Breeding; for F1hybrid and clonal eultivars is particularly prevalent in Europe, Japan and North America. The results of a great deal of breeding research are scattered throughout different journals and published in several different languages. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of research on interspecific crosses and the inheritance of flower and leaf colour, plant habit, resistance and floret type.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo low‐temperature‐tolerant mutants of theDendranthema × grandiflorum(Ramat.) Kitamura cultivar ‘Puck’ derived from an x‐radiated tissue culture system were compared, as vegetatively growing plants, to ‘Puck’ ssfor several physiological properties under low‐temperature conditions. So far, the low‐temperature tolerance of the mutants has been defined as the capacity to flower earlier under low temperature conditions (8—15°C) the wild type. All three lines were not chilling sensitive in the vegetative state and were able to acclimatize and to develop freezing tolerance. Differences between ‘Puck’ and the mutants were found but could not be related to the low‐temperature tolerance of the mutants in the generative phase. Levels of the amino acid proline increased during the hardening process, reaching the highest level in the cultivar ‘Puck’. No evidence could be obtained that proline is causally involved in the cold‐hardening process. Freezing‐induced membrane injury was found to decrease with cold hardening (0—28 days) but the two mutants did not show a greater capacity to acclimatize and cold har

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImprovement of the feed value of sunflower seedmeal by hulling achenes before crushing is of economic importance and varieties with good ‘hullability’ (ease of hulling) would be economically significant. Knowledge of the genetics of this characteristic is therefore necessary. Studies of heritability were made on a factorial cross of six female and six restorer lines. Hullability was measured as the ratio of hull removed by a laboratory huller against the total quantity of hull in the achene. The genotypes studied showed a wide range of hullabilities. There were considerable environmental effects but only small interactions; correlations between results in different locations were significant. Additive genetic effects predominated, although there were some interactions between parental lines. Narrow‐sense heritabilities were 0.73–0.85 for genotype means, 0.52 when calculated from individual plants, and 0.36–0.76 from parent‐progeny regressions. Early selection based on progeny means or a combination of individual and progeny values would appear to be the best method of breeding for improved hullability of sunflo

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo elucidate genotypic differences expressed through the grain yield of drought‐stressed wheat, 21 commercial varieties and advanced lines were evaluated in the field under a range of soil water levels to induce varying degrees of drought stress. This paper presents data on grain yield and yield‐based indices to indicate drought tolerance and drought susceptibility. AZS‐4 was identified as drought tolerant and AZS‐17 and ‘Pavon’ as drought susceptible. High gram yield under stress can be explained in terms of high yield potential, thus grain yield proved to be the best indicator of drough

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA four‐parent complete dialleld mating‐set of three Triticum aestivum L. cultivars ‘Edwall’, ‘Chris’ and ‘Spillman’, and an alloplasmic line of ‘Selkirk’ in Aegilops variabilis Eig. cytoplasm was used. Genetic components among total variation for callus induction, green plant percentage and green plant yield werr 92%, 80% and 77%, respectively, but lower (36%) for plant regeneration. General combining ability (GCA) variance components and narrow‐sense heritabilities estimated for callus induction, green plant pereentnge and green plant yield were 74%, 66%, and 53%, and 0.68, 0.54 and 0.43. respectively. Specific combining ability (SCA) variancw was calculated as 85%) of total genctie variation for plant regeneration. Significant reciprocal effects for callus induction. green plant percentage and green plan

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring after‐ripening of wheat grains, embryo responsiveness to abscisic acid (ABA) decreases in parallel with the loss of grain dormancy. Dormant grains ofTriticum aestivumL. line ‘Kitakei‐1354’ that had lost almost half their dormancy due to chilling still respond to ABA like fully dormant grains. Imbibition a: low temperature appears to break the dormancy without change of embryo responsiveness to ABA. Gibberellin (GA) and ABA‐regulated α‐amylase synthesis of the embryos. This is amplified when the grains are imbibed at low temperature. Imbibition at low temperature appears to condition cells and tissues of the embryo for germination and α‐am

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 7AL of ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 derived fromThinopyrum ponticum, was transferred to durum wheat by standard backcrossing. In ‘Agatha’ and ‘Indis’ a leaf rust resistance gene fromThinopyrum ponticumandThinopyrum ponticumrespectively, is found on a translocated segment on chromosome arm 7DL. The use of the ‘Langdon’ disomic D‐chromosome substitution lines for 7A and 7B resulted in the recovery of tetraploid leaf‐rust resistant lines from the crosses with ‘Agatha’ in the B2F1generation. Tetraploid lines carrying the ‘Indis’ translocation segment were recovered in the B2F2generation. The F2segregation ratios for rust resistance after selfing or back‐crossing generally fitted a 1: 1 ratio indicating non‐transmission of the translocation segments in the male gametes. Homozygous resistant plants were not obtained. Meiotic instability was observed in 28 chromosome B2F2derivatives of the crosses between ‘Chinese Spring

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree photoperiod‐sensitive spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgareL.) and three independently derived, single‐gene, nuclear mutants expressing photoperiod insensitivity and extremely early heading time under short daylengths were investigated for chloroplastic pigment variation in three environments using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to account for differences in laminae colour. In a greenhouse, non‐stress environment and in a full sunlight, high‐temperature stress environment, no systematic differences were observed among pigments of the mutant‐parent pairs. However, under 12 h of daily light (600 μE m2sec−1) and stress temperatures (20/10°C, night/day) in a growth chamber, the three mutants appeared similar to each other in chlorotic appearance and laminae pigment contents, but differed from the three non ‐chlorotic parents, which were similar to each other. The mutants had less chlorophyll a and b, β‐carotene, lutein, taraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin but more zeaxanthin than their parents. When shaded, the mutants became less chlorotic. How phenotypic differences for heading time and perception of day‐length might be related to altered chloroplast contents remains unclear. The single‐gene mutants conferring photopenod insensitivity were more sensitive to photothermal stress than their photoperiod‐sensitive counterparts and as a result, their zeaxanthin content increased but the level

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract178 common vetch (Vicia sativaL.) strains were tested for 2 years under dryland conditions in Bursa, Turkey. Broad‐sense heritability of the traits was calculated for each trait. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between seed and straw yield, with several morphological and reproductive traits, were obtained. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were high for 1000‐seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Heritability values for both seed and straw yield were small and insignificant. Harvest index, 1000‐seed weight and spring vigour showed significant positive correlations with seed yield, but days to flower correlated negatively with seed yield. Spring vigour, plant height and number of leaflets per leaf correlated positively, while harvest index, seeds per pod and seeds per plant correlated negatively with straw yield. Correlations between seed and straw yield were both positive and sign

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reaction to leaf rust of 33 European spring‐wheat landrace selections was assessed in the field and in the greenhouse to study the relationship between levels of partial resistance and levels of leaf rust at the origin of the landrace selections. The selections were classified into three groups according to the mean annual damage observed at the collection site. For each group of selections with high‐infection types the mean disease‐severity, area under disease progress curve and latency period were assessed. The data suggest that there is a greater likelihood of finding partial resistance in selections that come from locations with a high or intermediate mean annual damage as they displayed lower disease severity, lower area according to a disease‐progress curve and a longer latency period than the selections from locations with low mean annual

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY