摘要:

AbstractTwo series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F1s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F1hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F3and BC1F2lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F4/F5or in BC1F3/BC1F4generations using C‐banding and SDS‐PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F1hybrids (51.7%).Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6xtriticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID ad

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interaction between varieties and environment can make the prediction of crop performance difficult. The farmer is obviously interested in achieving optimum production within the particular growing environment of his farm, thus, this paper investigates if crop performance predictions can be improved by making information from other locations into account. The investigation is based on yield data from winter wheat resulting from official German variety‐performance tests. The predictors are based on the single location (control), unweighted means, principal components, and weighted means, produced using regression coefficients as weights. These predictors were tested on an independent data set from another year. For the given yield data in winter wheat, the overall mean proved to be the best, which suggests that prediction for all locations should be the same, and predictors for specific locations cannot, therefore, be recommended. The main reason for this is the relatively small interaction between genotype and location, in comparison to the second‐order interaction between genotypes, locations and ye

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAsymmetric somatic hybrid calli were produced betweenBrassica napusand a transgenic (HygR) line ofB. nigrausing a donor recipient fusion method for the production of cybrids. The transgenic line ofB. nigraused as a donor also possessed genetic resistance to the pathogenic fungiPhoma lingamandPlasmodiophora brassicae.Using hygromycin for selection, 332 hybrid calli were obtained from which 30 produced shoots (1—‐20 per callus) which were rooted on a hormone‐free culture medium. The rooted shoots were transferred into soil and cultivated in a growth chamber where the plants were tested for resistance against the two pathogens. Out of 129 hybrid plants tested for resistance againstP. brassicae, 30 (23.3 %) plants proved to be resistant and from 78 plants tested for resistance againstP. lingam, 41 (52.6 %) plants remained disease‐free after in

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree different marker systems which have been widely described in the characterization of genotypes were compared. Sunflower lines and hybrids were analysed by three isozymes, oligonucleotides (GACA)4, (GATA)4, and (GGAT)4as hybridization probes, and 70 primers for PCR analysis. Polymorphisms were visible with each type of marker. However, the repeated probes, especially (GATA)4, revealed the highest degree of variability and seem to be most appropriate for the generation of genotype‐specific ‘fingerprin

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWheat × maize and wheat × pearl millet crosses have proved efficient for haploid production using various genotypes of wheat; 22 and 27 % of florets produced embryos. In favourable conditions 6—9 haploid plants per spike were produced. The following simplifications or improvements in technique are recommended: 1. Only a single treatment with an aqueous solution of dicamba or 2,4‐D (50–100 ppm) for embryo stimulation in vivo; 2. Application by spraying or dipping the spikes; 3. Application time two to four days after pollination; 4. Embryo rescue 15 to 18 days after pollination; 5. Crosses without emasculation are possible if pollination occurs 1–2 days before anthesis. More than 450 haploids and some doubled haploid (DH) lines (after colchicine treatmentin vitro) were produced using these methods. No hybrid plants, chromosome additions or substitutions w

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe industrial utilization of short fibres ofLinum usitatissimumL. is advantageous for the environment and conserves natural resources due to savings in the production and waste management process. In 1990 a project was started to breed flax for short fibres in combination with oil production. In field experiments 22 (1990) and 20 (1991) varieties and progenies of earlier crosses, respectively, were tested. Phenotypic variation and linear correlations of parameters characterizing yield and its stability were examined with regard to their suitability as selection criteria.The results were as follows: A total harvest of 3 t/ha of short fibre and oil was produced, most of it fibre. The cross progenies tested in 1991 showed a high genetic potential for the combined use of fibre and oil, but their maturity needs to be synchronized better. Simultaneous selection of short‐fibre flax genotypes for fibre content and seed yield on the one hand, or for oil content and fibre yield on the other, seems to be practicable. The plants should not exceed I m in height. Thousand‐seed weight and oil content were not correlated in the progenies, thus making it possible to select for small‐seeded geno

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifoliusA. Gray) is a desirable genetic resource for incorporation of improved disease, pest, and stress resistance into common bean (P. vulgarisL.). Reproductive barriers separate the two species and the degree to which tepary genes may be introgressed into the common bean genome has not been well described. Greenhouse studies of gene introgression through recurrent back‐crossing to common bean were performed using two first backcross (BC1) and nine second backcross (BC2) populations. The truncate primary leaf characteristic of tepary bean was readily observed but the short primary leaf petiole and narrow bract tepary traits were infrequently observed in both BC1and BC2populations. In one BC, population high frequencies of adaxial stomata (characteristic ofP. acutifolius) and the presence of a 30 kD cotyledon polypeptide fromP. acutifoliuswere also observed; however, a diapho‐rase isozyme fromP. acutifoliusappeared to be eliminated from BC1progeny at a high rate whereas 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase alleles appeared to be transmitted normally. The expression of tepary primary leaf truncate morphology and bract width were correlated with decreased fertility in one of the two BC1populations. Given suitable parental genotypes and population sizes it should be possible to transfer genes fromP. acutifoliustoP. vulgaris, especially in regions of the genome which are not associated with inviability or sterility. It will be difficult to transfer factors from certain regions of the tepary genome which are preferentially eliminated during introgre

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies inMaluswas investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets ofMalusgenotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genusMalus.The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis thatM. pumilaandM. sylvestriswere involved in the origin of the cultivated a

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo identify homoeologous group‐3 chromosomes that carry genes for vernalization, day‐length responses, and earlinessper se, a series of aneuploid lines (mono‐somics and tetrasomics) and chromosome‐substitution lines in ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) were surveyed under different vernalization and day‐length regimes in controlled environments. The results indicated that genes on all three chromosomes of group 3 can have striking effects on ear‐emergence time. The replacement of CS 3B by its homologues in ‘Lutescens 62’ and ‘Cheyenne’ produced an increased insensitivity to vernalization, while 3B homologues from ‘Ceska Presivka’ gave CS a remarkable sensitivity to vernalization. This provided evidence for multiple allelism at a newVrnlocus on chromosome 3B. A negative association between gene dosage and day‐length response was found in CS 3D which was thought to carry a gene for promoting insensitivity to day‐length. The behaviour of CS monosomic 3A and CS (Timstein 3A), in reducing numbers of days to heading independently of environmental stimuli, suggested the presence of earlines

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe levels of the raffinose family of α‐galactosides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and ciceritol) and of the nutritional carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose and starch) were determined in the seed of a range of lentil lines from germplasm collections and commercial Spanish cultivars. Significant levels of variation were found for all the measured characters, and particularly for the α‐galactosides. The greatest variation was found in verbascose content, which ranged from about 1 % of the seed dry weight to undetectable amounts. The relationship between these chemical components and morphological seed characteristics was assessed. The only significant relationship between the different groups of characteristics was a positive correlation between the level of verbascose and the average seed weight for each gen

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY