摘要:

ABSTRACT.The xeric grasshopperOedipoda germanica pyrenaica(Uvarov, 1936) has a daily cycle of water‐gain from feeding during the afternoon and water‐loss at night. The afternoon peak of water‐gain in laboratory animals is correlated with a short‐term rise in the osmotic pressure of the haemolymph in field animals. It is estimated that starved large animals would deplete their water reserves within 8–11 days. Water loss in faeces production is a major component of total water loss only during the late afternoon to early evening; at all other times transpiratory water losses are considerably greater. Overall, 23% of the daily water loss occurs through the faeces. From hindgut cannulation experiments,c.80% of water entering the rectum is reabsorbed. A comparison of transpiratory water losses of xeric and mesic Orthoptera and some xeric Coleoptera revealed that water losses are some 6–7 times higher in Orthoptera than in similar sized

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Trophallactic behaviour of temporal subcastes inSolenopsis invictaBuren colonies was studied in two separate experiments. First, radiolabeled honey was presented to small colonies containing larvae, queens and marked workers; radioactivity in the head, thorax and abdomen of each ant was measured after 0.25, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The quantity of honey per subcaste was dependent on the total amount of honey collected. As more honey entered the colony, the quantity in foragers, queens and reserves increased more rapidly than that in nurses or larvae. The internal distribution of radioactivity in the head, thorax or abdomen indicated that differences between subcaste members in either the rate of food exchange or digestion existed. In a second experiment behavioural observations were made on marked workers in colonies before and after the presentation of honey. Reserves spent significantly more time engaged in trophallaxis than either foragers or nurses, both as active donors and active receivers. Based on number of encounters, nurses were more likely to receive honey while reserves and foragers were more likely to donate honey. The duration of encounters involving nurses tended to be shorter than those involving reserves or foragers.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two North American swallowtail butterflies with pupal colour dimorphism,Eurytides marcellus(Cramer) andPapilio troilusL., use chiefly the colour of the pupation substrate to determine pupal colour, and are affected hardly (P.troilus) or not at all (E.marcellus) by substrate texture. The use of colour cues in these species is in contrast to the greater importance of texture in two other sympatric swallowtails (Hazel&West, 1979).E.marcelluslarvae evacuate the gut and start prepupal wandering around mid‐day. If they have not reached the sensitive period for pupal colour determination by nightfall they will delay the sensitive period until the next day. Among other North American swallowtails with pupal colour dimorphism there is no tendency for those species that use textural cues for pupal colour determination to evacuate the gut later in the day than those using pupation site colou

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY