摘要:

ABSTRACT.A combination of two sex pheromone compounds is required to elicit sexual response in males ofEpiphyas postvittana.Sequential exposure to the two compounds failed to elicit sexual response in males, but a pre‐exposure sequence of alternated pulses of the two compounds did habituate males to the same extent as did pulsed pre‐exposures to the compounds combi

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In the transition from walking to flight in free and tethered aphids, forward progression was more or less abruptly checked and the walking pattern of leg movements gave way to a stationary, treading phase. This was followed by leg extension and wing‐spreading, kicking of the mesothoracic legs, wing‐beating and final lift‐off. Removal of the wings, but not of the middle legs, inhibited this pre‐take‐off behaviour. Jumping appeared to play no part in takeoff, nor did loss of tarsal contact stimulate flight in tethered aphids but resulted only in wing‐raising. However, restoration of tarsal contact often resulted in immediate take‐off, as well as stimulating post‐flight wing‐folding, Wing‐beating, but not wing‐raising, was apparently inh

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sensitivity to cooling stress in the last instar larvae ofGalleria mellonellawas measured as (a) the number of extra larval moults, (b) the number of larvae retaining the ability to secrete silk, and (c) the number showing arrested development. With respect to (a) and (b) there were considerable differences in sensitivity across the day. A relationship was observed between the number of additional larval moults induced by chilling and the ability of prepupal larvae to spin silk: the periods during the 24 h when the most larvae passed through additional larval moults were periods characterized by the smallest number of larvae capable of spinning, and vice versa. These daily changes were apparently partly independent of developmental age. Daily variations in sensitivity also occurred when larvae of the same age were cooled at different times of day. It is suggested that these rhythms in cold‐sensitivity are related to a cold‐sensitive rhythm in juvenile hormone secretion, or hormone sensitivity in the tiss

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

THE INSECT INTEGUMENT. Edited by H. R. HepburnTHE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF THE SOIL FAUNA. By J. A. Wallwork

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Marked diurnal changes in total soluble carbohydrates were found in broad bean leaves, with a maximum ofc.11% of dry weight at 18.00 hours to a minimum ofc.4% at 06.00 hours. If reflected in the phloem sap, this would mean that aphids receive different food from plants by night and by day. The growth rate ofAphis fabaewas therefore compared on broad bean plants under light and darkness. Although the aphids showed the same mean gross growth rate under both conditions, those in the dark had a higher final percentage moisture content, their dry weight increase being negligible. Counts of honeydew droplets on a ‘honeydew clock’ indicated a reduction in excretion during the dark. Measurements of haemolymph concentration ofAcyrthosiphon pisumwere obtained by comparison of haemolymph vapour pressure with that of known sucrose solutions, using capillary tubes. Haemolymph samples collected at the end of the day showed a higher (mean 11.53 atm) and more variable osmotic pressure than those obtained at the end of the night (mean 8.62 atm). The more dilute sap in the plant at night may benefit the aphid by allowing it to compensate for osmotic stress incurred during daytime feeding. These results suggest that the diurnal change in total soluble carbohydrates in leaves of the broad bean is reflected in the phloem

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION. Edited by D. J. Candy and B. A. KilbyMARINE INSECTS. Edited by Lanna ChengMORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE INSECT ABDOMEN, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS AND THEIR BEARINGS UPON SYSTEMATICS. By Ryuichi Matsuda

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Synthetic juvenile hormone (JH) induced the synthesis of the three pheromones, ipsenol, ipsdienol and 2‐phenylethanol, byIps paraconfususmales and enhanced the conversion of (–)‐α‐pinene to a fourth pheromome,cis‐verbenol. Synthetic JH also mimicked the stimulatory effect of feeding on the metabolism of myrcene to ipsdienol and ipsenol. Implantations of corpora allata and/or corpora cardiaca from fed or newly‐emerged males into intact or decapitated males were performed. The results indicated that JH acts indirectly by stimulating the release of brain hormone, and the release of JH in unfed males is prevented by neural inhibition which is removed by the stretching of the gut during normal feeding. Failure of any hormonal treatment or gland implantation to stimulatecis‐verbenol synthesis in the absence of exogenous α‐pinene is presented as evidence that no endogenous precursor for this pheromone is present. An apparent seasonal variation in the ability of males to produce ipsdienol and ipsenol when treated wit

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN PLANTS AND INSECTS. Edited by James W. Wallace and Richard L. MansellSURVEY OF THE WORLD'S APHIDS. By V. F. Eastop and D. Hille Ris Lambers

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Flight performance inLocustais reduced following severance of the major afferent nerves to the corpora cardiaca or removal of the glandular lobes of the corpora cardiaca. These operations prevent the release of adipokinetic hormone and the consequent mobilization of stored lipid. However, locusts deprived of about 90% of their glandular lobe tissue, while flying poorly, did mobilize lipid. It is suggested that the remaining glandular parenchyma cells are capable of secreting enough hormone to stimulate lipid mobilization, but that the concentration may be inadequate to encourage lipid utilization. After removal of all the glandular lobe parenchyma, the blood carbohydrate concentration was temporarily depressed. Nevertheless flight performance was equally poor, both when haemolymph carbohydrate levels were low and when they had returned to normal. After the injection of trehalose into operated control locusts and locusts deprived of their glandular lobes, flight was still markedly poorer in the operated insects, even though the injection of trehalose prevented adipokinetic hormone release in the intact locust. It seems that the poor flight performance of locusts deprived of their glandular lobes cannot be fully explained by the simple absence of adipokinetic hormone.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1977.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY