摘要:

ABSTRACT.Field collections of overwintering cabbage whitefly,Aleyrodes proletellaL. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) taken during the autumn and winter of 1982/83 and 1983/84 have shown that ovarian development proceeds at a low, but near uniform rate throughout diapause. Extensive fat body is recorded during the autumn and early winter of both periods, but this gradually diminishes during February and March. There does not appear to be a true refractory phase during the dormancy. A period of chilling primes the females for accelerated ovarian development in favourable conditions. When field collected females were transferred to light: dark 16:8 h (15°C) or L:D 12:12 h (15°C) in the laboratory, the subsequent rates of ovarian development were not significantly different, suggesting that temperature is the major regulator of the activation phase, although there was some evidence to suggest that an increase in photoperiod also has a rol

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The poison gland ofManica rubidacontains nanogram quantities of four alkylpyrazines, methylpyrazine, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine and 3‐ethyl‐2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, of which only the last induces pronounced trail‐following behaviour.Myrmica rubraandM. rubidaworkers follow each other's trails equally well when allowance is made for the much greater size ofM. rubidaworkers. The cross activity in trail‐following betweenM. rubida, M. rubraandTetramorium caespitumis understandable in terms of the amounts and proportions of the different pyrazines present in their glands and their responses to the synthetic substances and appropriate mixtu

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.When deprived of their preferred hosts for up to 16 days prior to behaviour assays, three relatively specialized tephritid flies,D. cacuminatus(Hering),D. cucumisFrench andD. jarvisi(Tryon), retain strong preferences for their particular hosts. Moreover, in the absence of the preferred hosts,D. cacuminatus, and to a lesser extentD. cucumis, will not accept fruits that are outside their normal host range.D. jarvisireadily accepts other fruits in the absence of its preferred host,Planchonia careya, but in common with the other two shows no increase in the number of eggs laid with increasing periods of deprivation. None of these species accumulate oocytes when deprived of fruits.In contrast, the highly polyphagousD. tryoniFrogg. lays more eggs and oviposits readily into a previously unacceptable fruit after 4 days without access to hosts. This change in behaviour is associated with a marked increase in the number of mature eggs carried by females.These results suggest an important difference between the generalist and more specialized species in the physiological control of oocyte maturation. InD. tryonithere appears to be no inhibition of oocyte development once the primary follicle has matured, whereas in the other species each ovariole contains no more than one mature egg.InD. tryoni, the change in behaviour which accompanies this increase in egg load, may influence its propensity to accept unusual fruits, and may help to explain its rapid acceptance of most cultivated fruits introduced to Australia.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Extracts of corpora cardiaca from two cockroaches,Nauphoeta cinereaOlivier andLeucophaea maderaeF., from a cricket,Gryllus bimaculatusDe Geer, from the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay, and from the sphinx moth,Sphinx ligustriL. were assayed for adipokinetic and hypertrehalosaemic activity, in acceptor locusts (Locusta migratoriaL.) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americanaL.) respectively. Both bioassays give positive results with all corpus cardiacum material tested except that from the sphinx moth; in this insect haemolymph lipid concentrations (but not those of the total carbohydrate) are, however, increased after injection of an extract of corpora cardiaca from the same species. A similar result is obtained when specimens ofG. bimaculatusare injected with an extract of corpora cardiaca fromG. bimaculatus.Biological activities of corpus cardiacum extracts from all species investigated can be resolved on reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Gland extracts from the two cockroach species each show a single absorbance peak which has hypertrehalosaemic activity, but with a (common) retention time distinct from all previously described arthropod neuropeptides. The corpora cardiaca ofG. bimaculatuscontain also a novel adipokinetic factor with a retention time distinct from previously characterized arthropod hormones, as well as from the new cockroach factor described in this study. The two hypertrehalosaemic factors from the corpora cardiaca of the potato beetle coelute with the hypertrehalosaemic hormones I and II of the American cockroach. The active (adipokinetic) compound from glands ofS. ligustriappears to coelute with locust adipokinetic hormon

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Male behaviour in pheromone attraction was observed in a wind tunnel for eight species of the genusYponomeutaLatreille. Interspecific responses and the effect of some combinations of female pheromones were also investigated. The results show that the speciesYponomeuta cagnagellus(Hübner),Y. malinellusZeller,Y. rorellus(Hübner) andY. plumbellus(Den.&Schiff.) are isolated by the specificity of their female pheromones. The other four species,Y. evonymellus(L.),Y. padellus(L.),Y. irrorellus(Hübner) andY. vigintipunctatus(Retz.), exhibited interspecific pheromone attracti

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in six species of adult tiger beetlesCicindelaspp. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) was correlated with body mass and temperature during rest. In beetles forced to run and/or right themselves continuously for 5–10 min at 25°C, V̇O2was approximately 7–12 times as high as in resting individuals; the difference increased with increasing mass. Resting and active VO2were similar to previous results for other beetles, although the slope of log V̇O2on log mass was lower. Detailed analysis suggests the existence of taxonomic and ecological correlates of resting metabolism. The possible ecological implications and adaptive advantages of these results for adult tiger beetles are di

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Customization of an inexpensive microcomputer and peripherals to produce hard copy outputs of electrophysiological data is described. The system uses any of the Apple II series computers and a common A/D+D/A card together with a digital plotter. For the 1–2 s recordings normally used in studies of insect chemoreception, this computer configuration can replace more laborious permanent hard copy production techniques. Additional analytical programs can easily use the three data files produced by the current syte

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Tracks of dewinged gypsy moth males,Lymantria disparL. (Lymantriidae), walking upwind in an airstream without pheromone consist of marked alternations between more or less straight upwind segments, partly with an arcadic structure, and twisted segments. This apparently complicated behaviour can, however, simply be explained by a superposition of noise and two turning commands: an upwind turning tendency, derived from the anemoreceptive system, which represents an average of the moth's angular positions over a period of time; and an internal turning tendency which consists of strong but brief bursts. These bursts are produced intermittently; successive bursts do not necessarily alternate polarity. Amputation of one antenna increases the probability of bursts towards the amputated side; therefore a separate burst source is postulated for each antenna. In the presence of the attractant pheromone (+)‐disparlure, the anemotactic signal is weighted higher; twisted segments are, therefore, less pronounced.There is a chemotropotactical component involved in the male's orientation. The tropotactical signal, dependent on the difference of odour concentration perceived by the left and right antenna, competes with the upwind turning tendenc

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Females of the flesh fly,Sarcophaga bullataParker, produce an increasingly higher number of diapausing progeny in successive broods. Though a maternal effect completely eliminates the capacity for diapause in the first brood of females with an embryonic and larval history of short day, diapause is restored at low levels in later broods. Exposure to long daylength at the onset of adult life does not alter the diapause response of later broods, thus suggesting that the age effect cannot be modified by daylength manipulation. The age response implies that changes in maternal physiology exert an important regulatory control on the diapause fate of the pupa.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two peptides, HGHI and HGHII, both inducing hyperglycaemia and activation of fat body glycogen phosphorylase can be isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana, using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Both peptides are N‐terminally blocked by a pyroglutamate residue and are thus not available for sequencing methods using the Edman degradation as this technique requires a free N‐terminus. The blocked peptides were treated with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase to cleave the pyroglutamate residue, and the C‐terminus of each peptide is also blocked and neither molecule can be cleaved by carboxypeptidase A. The following sequences for hyperglycaemic hormones HGHI and HGHII have been revealed using gas‐phase sequencing.HGHI pGlu‐Val‐Asn‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Asn‐Trp‐NH2HGHII pGlu‐Leu‐Thr‐Phe‐Thr‐Pro‐Asn‐Trp‐NH2Both peptides show remarkable similarities to locust adipokinetic hormones I and II and prawn red‐pigment concentrating hormone, and are identical to two myotropic peptides MI and MII (O'Sheaet al., 1984; Wittenet al., 1984) and two cardioactive and hyperglycaemic peptides CC‐1 and CC‐2 (Scarboroughet al., 1984), respectively, also is

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY