摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two pheromone components are required to elicit close‐range precopulatory behaviour in male lightbrown apple moths,Epiphyas postvittana(Walker) (Lepidoptera). The receptor cells which respond to the major component (I) (E)‐11‐tetradecen‐1‐yl acetate, have a fast disadaptation rate with recovery occurring within 5 s after stimulation, while the cells responding to the second component (II), (E, E)‐9, 11‐tetradecadien‐1‐yl acetate, recover after approximately 300 s.Studies on the behaviour of males in the laboratory show a close correlation between the duration of a memory effect, during which males will respond to compound I alone after receiving an initial exposure to I and II, and the time‐course for disadaptation of component II‐responding cells. These results suggest several possibilities for mechanisms of integration of sen

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Potentiation in joint action was demonstrated between solutions of L‐leucine and sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.3) as feeding stimulants for protein‐deprived females of the house fly,Musca domesticaL. Both components alone elicited feeding. In two‐choice feeding tests, mixtures consisting of equi‐stimulating concentrations of the two components were taken in greater quantities than either component alone at twice the concentration in the mixture.The presence of 1×10‐1M phosphate buffer markedly lowered the threshold for detection of L‐leucine. The presence of phosphate buffer strengthened the preferences shown by flies given choices of concentrations of L‐leucine differing by a factor of 2 and enabled them to display preferences at lower concentrations.The presence of 1×10‐3M L‐leucine increased, somewhat, the ability of flies to detect low concentrations of phosphate buffer. Its presence had relatively little effect on the strength of preference shown between two‐fold differences in concentration of phosphate buffer when the higher concentration was 6.3×10‐3M or less, but markedly strengthened the preferences when the higher concentration was 2.5×10‐2M or greater. Leucine increased the optimal concentration of phosphate buffer by a factor of more than 2 and converted 2×10‐1M phosphate buffer from a mild feeding deterrent t

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.‘Hungry’ tethered femaleCuliseta inornata(Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae) with their mouthparts separated, respond in the sugar‐feeding mode when the fascicle is immersed in 1 M sucrose, and in the drinking mode when the fascicle is immersed in water. Similarly treated animals that are ‘not hungry’ respond in the drinking mode to water on the fascicle, but when given 1 M sucrose on the fascicle take less than a normal amount and tend to put it in the midgut instead of the crop. ‘Starving’ animals respond in the sugar‐feeding mode to sucrose on the fascicle, but when given water on the fascicle take slightly more than a normal amount, and about 50% put it in the crop. These results occurred whether the labellum was immersed in water, 1 M sucrose, or nothing. Differences in responses by tethered animals with separated mouthparts and non‐tethered intact animals can be attributed to mouthpart deployment. These results do not agree with those of other workers who report that similarly treated femaleC. inornatarequire stimulation of both the fascicle and labellar chemoreceptors before they will ingest. These differing results raise interesting questions concerning the range of feeding behaviours available to different demes of this mosquito, and indicate how these behaviours are modified by differences in pre‐test nutritional condition and m

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Anopheles stephensiListon,Anopheles freeborniAitken,Anopheles gambiaeGiles andAnopheles dirus(Peyton&Harrison) fed equally well on whole blood, red blood cells, platelet‐rich plasma and platelet‐poor plasma. Similar feeding ability on 0.15 M NaCl containing 10‐2M NaHCO3was shown by the first three species, butAn. dirusrequired an addition of albumin. The need for ATP as a phagostimulant could not be demonstrated in any of these sp

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Detailed studies of lipoprotein A+formation during AKH action have been made inLocusta migratoriaL. using gel filtration combined with the use of radiolabeled haemolymph protein probes. In addition, we have assessed the quantitative contribution of the CL‐proteins to A+formation by direct measurement of the changes in concentration of free CL‐proteins and report some properties of the C‐I and C‐II proteins: they appear to be glycoproteins of 20,000 and 16,000 MW respectively, but do not bind to concanavalin A. We have confirmed earlier observations (using different techniques) which showed that liproprotein Ayellowis not involvedper sein A+formation during the first 15 min of AKH action. In contrast, the (two) CL‐proteins take part in A+formation without any apparent delay after hormone injection. Our observations show that A+formation is essentially complete within 30 min of AKH injection, although further CL‐protein binding and lipid‐loading do occur subsequently. After 30 min there is no further decrease in the Ayellowtitre. It is argued that much, if not all, CL‐protein is located at the surface of the A+particle. From the changes in titres which occur in Ayellowand CL‐proteins during AKH action we estimate that A+is formed from 1 mole of Ayellowand approximately 28 moles of CL‐proteins. Using these figures we calculate an apparent molecular weight for A+within the range of 1.65–2.12×106, which is in reasonable agreement with estimates derived from gel exclusion chromatography data. These studies emphasize the dynamic and fully reversible nature of lipoprotein A+formation and highlight the complex nature of the lipoprotein transformations occurring during hormone‐stimulated li

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Experiments were performed on maleGlossina morsitans morsitansWestw. and femaleMusca domesticaL. to investigate their phototactic responses at long wavelengths. In both species, green light was less attractive than red (relative to a 400 nm standard). InM. domesticathis can be adequately explained by an intensity‐dependent phototactic reversal at wavelengths above 500 nm; red light could be matched in attractiveness by a low intensity green light, implying that no true red‐green discriminating ability exists, but that red is perceived as a dim green. Although a partial phototactic reversal was also observed inG. m. morsitansat 525–575 nm, no tested intensity of green matched red in attractiveness. It appears therefore thatG. m. morsitansmay be an unusual dipteran in possessing a method of discriminating red and green light independently of intensity. Both species also resolved near‐UV fro

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Incubation conditions were established for a short‐term radiochemical assay of spontaneous juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesisin vitroby corpora allata from adult femaleGryllus bimaculatus.The only JH synthesized was shown by HPLC to be JH III. A further incubation product, predominantly extracted from the corpora allata, was thought to be the JH III precursor, methyl farnesoate. In adult females reared at a constant temperature of 27°C the synthetic activities of the corpora allata‐corpora cardiaca complexesin vitroincrease from almost zero to a high peak value 4 days after the imaginal moult. Thereafter the activity decreases to varying intermediate levels, but always lower than the first maximum. Two days after the first peak in corpus allatum activity, ovarian fresh weight increases dramatically and the first oviposition occurs 2 days later.Topical application of JH III to females reared at 20°C, which usually have a low fecundity, causes a dose‐dependent stimulation of egg production and ovip

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.All three synthetic diastereoisomers of 13,23‐dimethyl‐pentatriacontane, the pheromone ofGlossina pallidipes(Austen), have been tested in theG. pallidipessex pheromone bioassay, together with one of the four diastereoisomers of 13,17‐dimethylpentatriacontane, originally proposed as a candidate pheromone ofG. pallidipes.Of the three isomers of 13,23‐dimethylpentatriacontane only the (13R,23S) isomer was active with an ED‐50 of 4.47±1.09/μg (mean±SD). The (13R,17R)‐13,17‐dimethylpentatriacontane was inactive. The diastereo‐isomeric mixtures of 13,17‐ and 13,23‐dimethylpentatriacontane were active with ED‐50 values of 17.88±1.25/μg and 8.88±1.15μg respectively. The natural pheromone was active with an ED‐50 of 8.07±1.17 μg indicating it t

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The circadian locomotor (walking) rhythms of individual forager honeybees (Apis mellifera ligusticaL.) were measured under a variety of conditions. In constant dark the rhythms exhibited endogenous periodicities that were less than 24 h, whereas under constant light the periods tended to be greater than 24 h. Individual honeybees readily entrained to photoperiods, displaying a diurnal pattern of entrainment with most of the activity occurring in late photophase. Evidence is presented which suggests that foraging behaviour and general locomotor behaviour may be governed by two different circadian clock systems.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Gynes and males ofLasius flavusFab. were taken from the nest as they eclosed, and at intervals thereafter until the mating flight, and their respiration was measured. After the mating flight respiration was measured in gynes at various stages of colony foundation. Respiration in gynes rose rapidly to a peak as they began to accumulate food reserves for colony foundation. Subsequently, the respiratory rate declined and remained at a low level until the mating flight and during the claustral phase of colony foundation. Once the colony was well established and the queen actively laying, the respiratory rate returned to that at the beginning of maturation. Males showed smaller changes in their respiratory rates, which were generally higher than those of the gynes. The variation in respiration in males seemed to be due to increasing restlessness as the time of the mating flight approached.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY