摘要:

AbstractTuberculosis, a health concern so well controlled in recent decades that eradication seemed imminent, is once again reaching epidemic proportions following the increasing prevalence of AIDS. One important means of curbing this resurgence is a robust method that has the capability of identifying and speciating mycobacterial infections in a matter of days. Classic biochemical techniques, which require 4 to 8 weeks to identify and speciate tuberculosis infections, are in the process of being replaced by newer methods, including BACTEC, gene probes, nucleic acid amplification, amplification of ribosomal RNA, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This review is intended to give the reader a synopsis of the current literature and research on these methods, including reliability, approximate time required for detection and speciation, and clinical utility.

ISSN:1040-8363    

DOI:10.3109/10408369609083058

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFluoride has the potential to increase skeletal mass to a greater extent than any other pharmacologic agent, yet it has proven difficult to translate this into therapeutic benefit for patients with low bone mass in diseases such as osteoporosis. This apparent paradox can be explained in part by toxic actions of the ion on skeletal mineralization, impairment of the normal processes of bone resorption, and flourideinduced decreases in strength per unit of bone (mass or volume). In part, the paradox can be explained by the late stage of osteoporosis in most patients enrolled in controlled clinical trials of flouride, with alterations in skeletal microarchitecture beyond which restoration of mechanical integrity is not likely. Exposure of calcified tissues to environmental fluoride (water supply, dentifrices) also offers paradoxes. The anticaries effects are well documented as are the deleterious skeletal effects of endemic fluorosis when environmental exposure is too high. More controversial is the effect of seemingly nontoxic levels of exposure on the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures of the hip. This review attempts to provide a balanced overview of the conflicting literature concerning therapeutic and environmental effects of fluoride on the skeleton.

ISSN:1040-8363    

DOI:10.3109/10408369609083059

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor