摘要:

Female urinary incontinence is extremely common. As with any other disorder of bladder function it is difficult to make a diagnosis on the basis of symptoms alone. The appropriate investigative modalities for urinary incontinence are reviewed. Detrusor instability is a common cause of urinary incontinence and the current therapeutic modalities relating to this are reviewed with reference to recent developments. Stress incontinence is extremely common and consequently a number of investigative modalities and therapeutic options have been explored in the literature. An overview of these is presented and reference is made to some of the newer surgical modalities that are available. It is clear that in managing stress incontinence it is important to select the appropriate modality for the individual patient. It must be borne in mind that many of the newer therapeutic modalities that have been reported have been studied objectively in only small numbers of patients over limited follow-up periods.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The introduction of shock-wave lithotripsy has radically changed the treatment strategy for the management of most renal calculi. However, many stones cannot be treated effectively with this form of lithotripsy, and are best managed with percutaneous procedures. Although shock-wave lithotripsy is the least invasive form of stone management, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy remains the treatment of choice for several forms of stone disease including: large stones, many cystine and struvite calculi, lower pole calyceal calculi, stones associated with anomalous renal anatomy, and stones in morbidly obese patients.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy remains the basis of management of most stones of the urinary tract, particulary of the upper ureter and the kidney. However, a significant proportion of all urinary stones is treated best by endourologic procedures. For this purpose a wide range of devices for intracorporeal stone disintegration is currently available. Surgeons should know the specific features of these devices, their strengths and limitations, either to use their own instruments in an appropriate way, or, should they wish to purchase an alternative, to select the most suitable for their treatment intentions.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in ureteroscopy have made its applications effective and safe even in children and pregnant women. Endourological techniques, such as balloon dilatation, end-ureterotomy and free urothelial grafts, have been applied to treat long and complete ureteral obstruction. Better clinical results for ureteral stone have been achieved by ureteroscopic treatment than by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, because of recent advances in ureteroscopy.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In-situ extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is currently accepted as the optimal treatment for non-impacted upper ureteric stones less than 1.5 cm in size. However, the management of lower ureteric stones remains controversial. The latest generation of lithotriptors has made it possible to localize and treat nearly all ureteric stones under sedation analgesia as an outpatient procedure with acceptable success rates. However, up to 25% of all ureteric stones may require ureteroscopic retrieval for various reasons. With miniaturization of ureteroscopes, and newer intracorporeal lithotripsy, it has become safe and possible to remove most ureteric stones under sedation analgesia as a day-case procedure with high success rates and minimal morbidity. Ureteroscopy has been shown to be safe and effective in pregnant women and in children. It is necessary to consider multiple factors when deciding on the most appropriate therapy. Stone-free rate, auxiliary procedure rate, attendant morbidity, need for anaesthesia and hospitalization, number of follow-up visits and convalescence period, as well as overall cost of the treatment, will guide the physician and patient in choosing a treatment modality.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

After a decade of lithotripsy, urolithiasis remains a significant cause of patient morbidity. The cost of treating urolithiasis with lithotripsy and surgery continues to rise, perhaps because the prevalence of this disease is increasing. Several studies over the past year have further established the effectiveness of medical management of stone disease. Thus, prevention of stone recurrence remains a cornerstone in the clinical management of urolithiasis.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID