ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Currently, tumour stage and grade are the cornerstone indicators of prognosis in bladder cancer. Refinements in histological assessment and new molecular markers are discussed. Evidence is reviewed supporting the notion of two separate molecular pathways to bladder cancer. Deletion of candidate tumour-suppressor genes is an early and common event in primary bladder cancer.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One of the most important recent developments in the management of superficial bladder cancer has been the unequivocal demonstration that intravesical immunotherapy can prevent progression of the disease to muscle-invasive cancer, whereas intravesical chemotherapy apparently cannot. Toxicity for these two forms of therapy still remains a major problem and attempts at reducing the dosage of immunotherapeutic agents are underway. The promise that various simple natural agents, taken by mouth, can have a significant effect on bladder cancer prophylaxis is being energetically explored at the present time.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Invasive bladder cancer has been associated with a 5-year survival rate of only 50–60% when treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Attempts to improve this outcome have included the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with definitive local treatment in neoadjuvant, concurrent, or adjuvant regimens. To date, randomized clinical trials have failed to show a survival benefit from neoadjuvant or concurrent schedules but adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a disease-free survival benefit. New cytotoxic agents, such as paclitaxel and gemcitabine, are active in the management of metastatic bladder cancer and may contribute to improved outcomes for patients with this disease.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID