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11. |
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 75-79
Bernhard Liedl,
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摘要:
In the past few years it has been clearly demonstrated that the concept of bacterial biofilm production permits an understanding and provides some explanation of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. This concept describes the colonization of catheter surfaces and the movement of bacteria against the urinary flow. It explains the antibacterial resistance of these matrix-enclosed sessile populations of bacteria. The catheter encrustation can be observed as mineralizing bacterial biofilm. The differentiation in swarming cells exposing a much higher activity of the enzyme urease is responsible for the predominant role ofProteus mirabilisin obstructing encrustations. The guidelines for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections were developed over the past decades by clinicians and are still valid. They can now be better understood taking into consideration these new theories. As overuse of urethral catheters and non-compliance of their recommended use are still apparent, educational and surveillance programmes are needed to help maintain good standards of care.
ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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12. |
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in urology |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 81-85
Magnus Grabe,
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摘要:
This report reviews recent studies on infectious complications and antibiotic prophylaxis in common urological instrumentation. As a result of variations in the definitions of infectious complications and inconsistencies in study design and risk factor analysis there is presently limited clear-cut evidence for giving definite standards regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for most urological interventions. The consequences are that patients may be exposed to unnecessary hazards and the healthcare system to additional costs. Nonetheless, most authors agree that patients should have sterile urine at urological instrumentation and that any other detected risk factor should be controlled. When antibiotic prophylaxis is considered, it should be timed properly before the intervention, which varies with the type of intervention and the choice of antibiotic, and should last for a limited period of time. In most common urological manipulations, correctly administered oral prophylaxis has been shown to be as effective as intravenous prophylaxis. A series of guidelines aimed at keeping the rates of healthcare-associated infections and the level of bacterial resistance as low as possible should, in combination with the rational use of antibiotics, be one of several marks of quality of a urological centre. To achieve this goal, new well-designed studies considering different regimens, risk factor analysis and economical analysis should be encouraged.
ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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13. |
Recent developments in diagnosis and therapy of the prostatitis syndromes |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 87-91
Jordan Dimitrakov,
Thorsten Diemer,
Martin Ludwig,
Wolfgang Weidner,
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摘要:
Chronic pelvic pain syndromes, including prostatitis, remain a difficult clinical entity in terms of diagnosis and treatment to both urologists and patients. This review attempts to highlight the most recent developments and advances in the field of chronic pelvic pain syndromes in terms of prevalence, aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current approaches to treatment.
ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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14. |
Genitourinary tuberculosis |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 93-96
Severin Lenk,
Joerg Schroeder,
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摘要:
The worldwide prevalence of tuberculosis is still high and has remained almost unchanged over the past century as a result of increasing incidence in countries of the Third World. Twenty per cent of patients with tuberculosis will develop an extrapulmonary manifestation over time, the most common site being the genitourinary tract. The patient's history can lead to the sometimes difficult diagnosis. Radiological imaging helps in depicting genitourinary tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis is made on the basis of culture studies and is supported by polymerase chain reaction. The latter has impressive sensitivity and specificity, but lacks the ability to determine biological activity. The combination of three or four anti-tuberculosis drugs over a course of 6 to 9 months remains the treatment of choice. Drug resistance is increasing and necessitates tight therapy control. Tuberculosis of the male seminal duct may be an important cause of male infertility as a result of multiple epididymidal scarring. In these cases testicular sperm extraction is the method of choice for sperm retrieval. The outcome of sperm retrieval followed by intracytoplasmatic sperm injection is not affected.
ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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15. |
Schistosomiasis: a critical review |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 97-101
Karl-Horst Bichler,
Gerhard Feil,
Andreas Zumbrägel,
Ewald Eipper,
Stephan Dyballa,
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摘要:
Precise data on epidemiology, morbidity, post-treatment resolution, reinfection, and resurgence of schistosomiasis could be helpful in establishing purposeful treatment plans for the disease in endemic populations. Here we give a concise overview of recent publications on bilharziasis. A main emphasis is placed on studies on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, partly including long term surveillance of morbidity following treatment with praziquantel. As genito-urinary schistosomiasis may be a risk factor for the spread of HIV, the involvement of the reproductive tract has become another focus in research on the disease. A novel diagnostic tool, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), is proposed to correlate with the degree of inflammation of the genito-urinary tract.
ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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16. |
Urinary retention in patients with BPH treated with finasteride or placebo over 4 years. |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 103-104
Andrea Tubaro,
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ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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17. |
Quality of life of patients with newly diagnosed poor prognosis M1 prostate cancer undergoing orchiectomy without or with mitomycin C. Results from the EORTC phase-III trial 30893. |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 104-105
Andrea Tubaro,
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ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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18. |
Clinical significance of nonpalpable prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features in Japanese men. |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 105-106
Andrea Tubaro,
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ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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19. |
The application of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound to measure volume of affected tissue after HIFU treatment of localized prostate cancer. |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 106-107
Andrea Tubaro,
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ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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20. |
RPLND or primary chemotherapy in clinical stage IIA/B nonseminomatous germ cell tumours? Results of a prospective multicenter trial including quality of life assessment. |
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Current Opinion in Urology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
2001,
Page 107-108
Andrea Tubaro,
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ISSN:0963-0643
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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