ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prenatal ultrasound detection of urinary tract malformations presents opportunities for fetal intervention and formal screening programmes. As yet, the benefits of intervention and screening are largely unproved. The natural history of many prenatally detected uropathies in asymptomatic infants is not known. Enthusiasm for early postnatal surgical intervention in these infants may be misplaced. Information on the fetal urinary tract derived from ultrasound should be applied selectively.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The debate regarding the benefits of neonatal circumcision is not new. In the 1990s, however, indications for circumcision that had not previously been considered are being investigated. Although most of the evidence remains circumstantial and many of the studies are flawed, the volume of data is impressive.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the urologic literature a general consensus can be found for early evaluation and intervention in infants with congenital spinal deformities. Prevention of upper tract deterioration is the main aim; however, areas of disagreement exist, often because of the lack of multicenter prospective randomized clinical studies.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ureteroceles can lead to serious urinary tract infection and loss of renal function. Total sonography imaging has resulted in earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Current approaches to treatment options vary and are certainly specific in each individual case but, as more experience is gained, definitive surgical indications are becoming clear.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The introduction of color flow Doppler has resulted in new applications of the Doppler sonogram principle. The technique is now used to evaluate the kidneys in cases of tumors, focal infarction and ureteral obstruction as well as transplant rejection. Attention has been drawn to the importance of heart rate in the interpretation of resistive indices. Other applications in the field of urology include evaluation of scrotal pain.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Diurnal enuresis or incontinence has been estimated to affect approximately 1% of children between the ages of 7 and 12 years. The most common form of this disorder in children is urge incontinence, which is produced by detrusor instability. The other major form of the disorder, which affects some children and most adults, is stress incontinence resulting from a weakened sphincter. This review examines the use of behavioral techniques such as biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercises in the treatment of urge and stress incontinence. Pelvic muscle exercises with and without biofeedback training have been shown to decrease episodes of incontinence in stresss incontinent women. It is not clear whether biofeedback enhances the effects of exercises alone. The review also explores the use of bladder training programs and diurnal urine alarm devices in the treatment of childhood incontinence.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The non-operative and surgical treatments of reflux are both very successful, and carry less than a 2% risk of renal damage after the diagnosis has been made and treatment instituted. It is very important, however, to identify the patients with increased bladder storage pressures, because these are particularly at risk of renal damage if infection occurs, or after corrective surgery. The clinical clue to bladder dysfunction is incontinence in the absence of infection. Treatment of the hyperactive or non-compliant bladder, or sphincter dyssynergia, will lower bladder pressures and often reduce the volume of refluxed urine immediately.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Experimental and clinical data continue to accumulate in support of a fertility defect in cryptorchid testes. Orchidopexy before the age of 12–18 months offers the best chance for preservation of fertility. Laparoscopy may be helpful in localizing the non-palpable testis and planning the appropriate procedure.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID