ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Curative surgery in more advanced renal cell carcinoma is limited to solitary metastases or regional disease. Response to systemic immunotherapy continues to be reported; however, most responses are limited and not durable. Only randomized, prospective clinical trials will prove the efficacy of systemic therapy. Curr Opin Urol 8:369–373. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

After years of rapid increase, the incidence of prostate cancer has begun to decline in certain areas in the USA. Although these temporal trends are consistent with the impact of screening, it still remains to be shown that early detection programmes and screening will result in a reduced mortality rate from this disease. A positive family history of prostate cancer has been established as an important risk factor, and recent research supports and points to the existence of a subgroup of prostate cancer families with a hereditary form of the disease. Diet is another well‐known risk factor. Recently, it has become evident that nutritional factors might both prevent the progression of prostate cancer or induce it. Curr Opin Urol 8:375–380. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy brings the possiblity of improving the results of radical treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. While the advantages of this therapy combined with radiotherapy and cryosurgery are encouraging, as yet the positive effects of initial hormonal ablation before radical prostatectomy are still not proven. Curr Opin Urol 8:381–386. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Contemporary series of brachytherapy in localized prostate cancer show promising early results attributable to improved patient selection and technical refinements in treatment modalities. These innovations consist essentially of precise three‐dimensional radioactive dose‐distribution planning and source placement, thus solving the problem of possible under‐dosage encountered in open brachytherapy. Curr Opin Urol 8:387–392. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The proportion of free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in serum relative to total PSA (F/T) is lower in patients with prostate cancer than in those with elevated levels of PSA due to benign prostatic disease. When applied to early diagnosis and screening for prostate cancer, the proportion of free PSA can be used to reduce the number of false‐positive results by 20–40%. The utility of F/T is better in men with a small prostate volume, i.e. in relatively young men, who are most likely to benefit from early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The concentrations of PSA and especially free PSA are affected by considerable intra‐individual variation and sample stability. Assay standardization is variable and it is therefore important to establish reference values for the methods used. Better control of these factors is likely to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The utility of determining free PSA can be improved by evaluating the combined impact of free and total PSA by logistic regression analysis or neural networks. Curr Opin Urol 8:393–399. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prostate‐specific antigen(PSA) is currently the tumour marker of choice for prostatic carcinoma. This article examines the current literature on the application of PSA for cancer detection (concentrating on values of PSA in the normal and ‘grey’ areas of 2.5–10 ng/ml), in staging of the disease and prediction of treatment response. These areas in particular have been refined by the use of PSA indices (PSA density, velocity, age ranges) and the article focuses on the recent studies analysing their standing in clinical practice. Curr Opin Urol 8:401–406. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The state of the art in the study and therapy of germ‐cell tumors of the testis is reflected in this year’s literature. For the majority of patients with germ‐cell tumors, the therapeutic dilemma no longer relates to cure. For such patients with low‐volume non‐seminomatous germ‐cell tumors of the testicle and those with a pure seminoma, therapeutic dilemmas relate more to selection of the appropriate therapy to achieve cure, the toxicity of therapy, and the precise prediction of outcome. However, a high cure rate cannot be anticipated with equal frequency in those patients with high‐volume non‐seminomatous germ‐cell tumors of the testicle. Curr Opin Urol 8:411–412. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

M‐VAC remains the standard of care for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but its limitations include significant toxicity and infrequent durable disease‐free survival. Recent investigation has focused on the identification of novel chemotherapeutics with single‐agent activity in metastatic TCC and on their incorporation into more active combination regimens. Paclitaxel, gemcitabine and ifosfamide are among the most active new agents. Numerous phase II trials of novel combinations have yielded promising preliminary results. Longer follow‐up and results from randomized trials will be necessary to determine the impact of newer chemotherapy regimens on survival. Curr Opin Urol 8:413–418. © 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID