ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis are frequently encountered problems in children. In this review some aspects will be highlighted. Especially the different types of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis as well as some recent developments in children with dysfunctional voiding will be discussed.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The concept of non-bacterial cystitis (NBC) combines sterile urine and cystitic symptoms as well as inflammatory changes, in particular in the mucosa and submucosa of the bladder. It includes a multiplicity of vicious circles along the entire continence reflex. An understanding of NBC presupposes knowledge of the origin of the normal urinary urge and its successful control. Against the background of the steadily increasing incidence of interstitial cystitis (often irreversible end-stage NBC), it is suggested here that in the face of a failure of first-line therapeutics (anticholinergics, cyclic antidepressants or oestrogens), one must consider without delay the possible presence of NBC.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the present review the eligible data on urethral pathologies are critically analysed, with special attention given to unresolved controversies in this topic. The entities discussed are as follows: female circumcision as a ritualistic tradition, with many associated complications; prostatourethritis and urethral syndrome; urethral diverticula as an overlooked rare pathology in urological practice; urethrorectal fistula; pelvic fracture urethral injuries and its current standard treatment algorithm; and urethral strictures and new endoscopic or surgical reconstructive techniques.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Orthotopic bladder augmentation and substitution has been established as the standard procedure for urinary diversion in many institutions, with current studies reporting mainly on continence rates and procedure-associated complications, such as the risk of impairment of neobladder function by local tumor recurrences in the small pelvis. Similarly, in other types of continent diversion, such as continent cutaneous diversion and rectal reservoirs, current interest is primarily directed towards minimization of surgery-associated complications.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Metastasis is the most lethal attribute of a cancer. There is a critical need for markers that will accurately distinguish those histologic lesions and disseminated cells that have a high probability of causing clinically important metastatic disease from those cells that will remain indolent. Despite the explosion in new information regarding the genetics of cancer, only six human genes have thus far been shown to functionally suppress metastasis. The present review and perspective describes the evolving view of the mechanisms that regulate metastasis, and the importance of metastasis-suppressor genes in this process. Specifically, the clinical problem of metastatic prostate cancer, the identification of metastatic colonization as a therapeutic target, and the identification and functional characterization of prostate cancer metastasis-suppressor genes are discussed.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews publications investigating the optimal timing of androgen ablative therapy for prostate cancer. We regard with some concern retrospective series, the use of endpoints other than overall survival, the presentation of actuarial and not actual survival, and the omission of appropriate controls. Treatment of minimal residual disease and other clinical scenarios are explored.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cryotherapy of the prostate represents a potential treatment for localized recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy. Current salvage cryotherapy of the prostate can result in undetectable serum PSA levels with low morbidity. Further refinements in technique and equipment may enhance cryosurgical results.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Androgenic steroids are required to maintain the prostate gland in the adult state. Consistent with this requirement, androgen deprivation therapies typically induce a drastic regression of mature prostate tissue that is accompanied by the extensive loss of prostate cells through the programmed cell death process referred to as apoptosis. Whereas, in the past, the loss of prostate cells associated with androgen deprivation has generally been perceived to be a direct response of the androgen receptor-expressing prostate cells to an androgen-depleted environment, more recent studies of the prostate regression process suggest that it might instead be initiated by an indirect response of the prostatic parenchyma to an ischemic/hypoxic environment caused by a drastic reduction of blood flow to the tissue that occurs when androgens are withdrawn. This article reviews evidence that the prostatic vascular system is a primary target of androgen action and other evidence suggesting that the regression of the prostate parenchyma occurs secondarily to the regression of the prostate vascular system through cell death mediated by tissue ischemia/hypoxia.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Imaging plays a crucial role in the detection, characterization, and post-operative follow-up of renal masses. With rapidly advancing technology, imaging techniques are continuously evolving. This review will discuss the current modalities and techniques available for renal imaging, and recent developments.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID