摘要:

Calcinus verrilli(Rathbun), evidently the only species of hermit crab endemic to Bermuda, frequently occupies vermetid gastropod shells which are cemented fast to offshore reefs and the bottoms of shallow tidepools. This choice of shells poses several interesting ecological problems for the hermit crabs.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seasonal change in the coat of four male and four female Red deer(Cervus elaphus)was studied in coat and skin samples taken monthly for two years. Changes in coat length were measured, the times of moult recorded, and the cycle of follicle activity determined from histological preparations.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The skulls ofCylindrophis, Anilius, Uropeltisand other genera of Uropeltidae,XenopeltisandLoxocemusare described and figured.On the basis of cranial characters, a separation of the Aniliidae into two subfamilies, the Aniliinaeand theCylindrophinaeis suggested. The Uropeltidae, separated from the Aniliidae by a set of derived characters, are grouped together with the Aniliidae as the superfamily Anilioidea. The skulls ofXenopeltisandLoxocemusare described and the systematic position of the genera discussed. General remarks as to the bearing of the skull on the reconstruction of henophidian phylogeny conclude the study.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The house morphology and feeding behaviour of seven species of appendicularians was observed and photographed in the field. Details of house morphology varied greatly among species. New information on the pattern of water flow through the house and on mechanisms of food collection are presented. Flow rates through the house, ranging from 36 to 1400 ml/hour, may result in substantial depletion of phytoplankton locally.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study considers leg structure and function in the Adephaga (Caraboidea). Many ground beetles are known to be rapid runners but does this habit account for all the characteristic features of their leg structure? To answer this question, the gaits of several terrestrial Adephagan and Polyphagan beetles have been described briefly; it was concluded that they are fundamentally similar. Thus the peculiar hind legs of Adephaga (with their greatly restricted coxal angle of swing) are not specifically suited to a running habit, but are adapted for pushing. Four basic modifications for pushing have been described in the foreleg ofCarabus problematicus.The particular type of pushing was apparent when the functions of its hind leg were considered. The enlarged metatrochanter contains a strong femoral rotator muscle which forces the hind tarsus vertically downwards (and the hindbody upwards). This movement is a necessary part of wedge‐pushing, where the wedge‐shaped head and prothorax are pushed forwards and the hindbody–the back of the wedge–is oscillated vertically to enlarge the horizontal crevice. The slightly movable metacoxa is part of the antagonistic mechanism of femoral counter‐rotation, in which an ingenious lever action swings up the hind legs (and so depresses the hindbody).The most profound locomotory changes in the Adephaga reflect swimming adaptations. These have involved changes in the pro‐ and mesocoxal articulations, and the immobilization of the metacoxae.Trachypachusis particularly interesting, as it is a terrestrial Caraboid with immobilized metacoxae. The terrestrial Adephaga (mainly Carabidae) can be divided into two basic groups with divergent habits (if specialist burrowers, etc. are excluded). These groups (which merge) are the strong wedge‐pushers/poorer runners with relatively large metatrochanters, and the fast runners/poorer wedge‐pushers with smaller trochanters. Experimental evidence for this separation includes estimates of running speeds and the vertical forces exerted by the hind legs of several species durin

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The primitive topography of the enamelled surface of molar teeth of the Cricetidae is described as expressed in the fossil Cricetodontinae. Morphological variations in the molar structure of different subgroups among the Cricetidae are interpreted as derivations from this cricetodontine pattern. Eleven available naming systems for such components are surveyed, and a new unifying nomenclature is proposed, based on the Cope‐Osborn cusp homologies for mammals. Names for enamel cusps, cuspules, styles, lophs, folds and islands are given, in an attempt to include in an overall general nomenclature the advantages of the most valuable, already available, nomenclatorial systems. The system purports to apply to all modifications of the cricetid crown molar pattern, and it claims to fulfil the need for a uniform nomenclatur

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Heliocopris dilloniis the largest dung‐beetle found in the Tsavo National Park, Kenya, which during the biannual rainy seasons comprises the most important agency of elephant dung removal. The species is shown to exhibit considerable morphological variation. The mode of construction of the brood chamber is described together with details of development from egg to pupa. It is suggested that the depth to which these beetles burrow is related to avoiding the extreme climate near the surface and to predator avoidanc

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rhinoceros tongue is distinguished among perissodactyl organs by its sagittally divided intermolar eminence crowned by a dextral and a sinistral cluster of circumvallate papillae. These structures were originally noted in the Indian rhinoceros by Owen (1852) but have since remained unmentioned for this, or for any other rhinoceros form. They are here described for specimens of the Indian, African White and African Black rhinoceroses. The structural and functional nature of the intermolar eminence is established and this entity is distinguished from an hitherto unrecognized topographical component of the tongue, designated the pars elliptica linguae. The lingual morphology of the three rhinoceros forms is summarised and certain intergeneric differences are noted.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY