摘要:

An account is given of the development, from laying to hatching, of 46 species of Tettigoniidae from Western Europe, in particular England, France and Spain. It is essentially concerned with the rate of growth and thermal requirements of the eggs through their phases of development, as determined under controlled laboratory conditions. However, the implications of these results are discussed in terms relating to the behaviour of the eggs in their natural environment.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pneumatic osteolysis (excessive pneumatisation of cranial bones) previously reported for certain terrestrial mammals (rhinoceroses, elephants, gorilla) is here reported in the Irrawaddy dolphin(Orcaella brevirostris).The osteological evidence provided by all mammal forms studied indicates unequivocally that, in the complex process of bone pneumatization (whether normal or excessive in range), the initiative lies with the peculiarly specialized mucosa of the pneumatic spaces concerned.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The external thoracic morphology of the nymphs and imagos and the thoracic muscles of the imagos ofLeptophlebia pacificaare described. Descriptions of the imaginal thoracic exoskeleton are given for five other genera of the Leptophlebiidae. A comparison of homologous structures in the imaginal thoraces of these genera and the use of these structures in understanding the taxonomy and phylogeny of the family are discussed.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peromyscus maniculatuspups were found to emit both partly audible and purely ultrasonic sounds in response to cold stress and tactile stimulation. The two pulse types could be correlated with the two different conditions and variations with age of the intensity, frequency structure and rate of production were studied. Audible pulses are more characteristic of young pups subjected to cold stress and ultrasonic pulses are more characteristic of older pups subjected to tactile stimulation. These results are discussed in relation to previous work on infant rodent sound production and its effects on maternal behaviour.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The macroscopical structure of the organ of voice in songbirds has long been known, but detailed information on the microscopical anatomy of the syrinx has generally been lacking. Observations based largely on macroscopical evidence have led to a number of erroneous interpretations of function of various syringeal components, and lacking microscopical information, the vocal mechanism of birds cannot be adequately understood.A wide variety of passeriform bird syrinxes have been studied by means of serial sections. Although there is much less variation in syringeal anatomy amongst songbirds than there is in the other orders of birds, and although all songbird syrinxes conform to the same basic pattern, there is nevertheless marked variation in various syringeal components between different passerine groups. Variations in syringeal structure within families Corvidae (Corvus corone, C. frugilegus), Sturnidae (Sturnus vulgaris, Gracula religiosa), Turdidae (Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula), Hirundinidae (Delichon urbica), Ploceidae (Passer domesticus) and Paridae (Parus major, Aegithalos caudatus) are described and discussed. The significance of these findings in relation to bird sound production is discussed.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The excretory systems of terrestrial prosobranch snails of the family Cyclophoridae, collected in Jamaica, Costa Rica and South Africa, have been examined physiologically and as regards their gross and fine structure. The process of urine formation commences in the heart, where fluid is filtered across the wall of the ventricle. Filtration through the auricular wall is believed to be negligible. The kidney, which contains three types of cell, modifies the composition of the filtrate. One type of resorptive cell, characterized by basal infoldings associated with mitochondria, takes up salts. Another type, with basal subcellular spaces, may be responsible for taking up water. The third type of cell is secretory, producing concretions of uric acid and phospholipid which are liberated into the kidney lumen when the cell degenerates.The rate and mechanism of urine production have been investigated using injections of inulin. The filtration rate at 25°C is 0.5 μl/g/min, and in 100% R.H. the average rate of urine production is 0–39 μl/g/min.An accessory excretory organ has been developed from the hypobranchial gland of aquatic forms. It is composed of groups of subepithelial tubular glands opening into the mantle cavity by one or a series of pores, and secreting purines, phospholipids and mucus. There is evidence that this organ becomes progressively more complex in forms occupying drier habitats.The systems of excretion and osmoregulation in the Cyclophoridae are considered to be very similar to those in their aquatic relatives, the Viviparidae and Ampullariidae. Certainly the cyclophorids are not as well adapted to a terrestrial life as are the Pulmonata, and in many respects they may be considered “aquatic” snails living

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY