摘要:

InHemiphractus proboscideusodontoids are found on the dentary, angular and palatine bones. The morphology of all odontoids is similar, although there are minor variations. They grow by appositional growth, probably quite slowly and possibly seasonally. The odontoids are produced as a result of increase in width of the lamellae near the surface of their supporting bone, and seem to be capable of repair after damagein vivo. The teeth on the premaxilla, maxilla and prevomer are strongly recurved and are composed of dentine covered over their apical one‐fifth by a thin layer of aprismatic enamel. The teeth are monocuspid but each possesses two small tubercles which are situated on the mesial and distal margins near the apex. The surface dentine is composed of longitudinal bundles of calcified fibres connected by horizontal interlocking fibres. During tooth replacement resorption bays are visible on the external and pulpal surfaces of the dentin

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new species ofTyrophagusOudemans, 1924, are described. One species,T. Savasi, has been discovered in several habitats of economic importance. It closely resemblesT putrescentiae(Schrank) andT. neiswanderJohnston&Bruce. The second,T. rebertsonae, has so far been discovered in only two, soil and tree bark. It differs from other species ofTyrophagusby a number of character. Both new species have pigmented ‘eyespots’ on the prodorsal shield. A new character used to differentiate these species is the shape of the sclerotized neck of receptaculum semins.The position of the new species in three commonly used keys to adults of the genusTyrophagusis indic

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) sexual arousal response as gauged by the coagulated seminal emissions resultant from masturbatory activity was experimentally assessed. Males were initially exposed to an ovariectomized female prior to and during daily oestradiol benzoate treatment. Males were then re‐exposed to the same female prior to and during the wearing of a thermoplastic model of a swollen female perineum. A total of eight different colours were sequentially applied to the model. It was only the red model that elicited a response similar to that shown to the oestradiol‐treated female. The behavioural data collected from the stimulus female supported the view that it was model colour that determined the differential male respo

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Small mammals were studied in tow montane grassland‐forest areas on Zomba Plateau (1900m), Malawi, in 1984–85. Seasonal changes in numbers, age‐structure and reproduction are given for the three commonest species.Mus triton(36%),Praomys delectorum(29%), andLophuromys flavopunctatus(19%). Total population numbers forL. flavopunctatusandP. delectorumwere lowest at the end of the dry season, and highest at the end of the wet season; reproduction is seasonal, and most young are born in the wet season.Mus tritondid not exhibit such large fluctuations in numbers, and reproduced in both wet and early dry seasons. Each species was found in several habitats, butL. flavopunctatusshowed a strong preference for unburnt grasslands,M. tritonfor burnt grasslands, andP. delectorumfor forest and tangle habitats. Each species had a different population survival rate, and few individuals survived for more than 5–6 months. Trapped‐revealed home ranges were about 3100 m2forL. flavopunctatus, and 2700 m2forM. triton. Monthly changes in grass biomass, cover and height were recorded and related to the numbers of small mammals. General features of the small mammals of African mountains, based on data from the Drakensberg, Ethiopia and this study. are

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The visual system ofHistioteuthisis markedly asymmetrical, in that the eyes and optic lobes are considerably larger on the left side, and the lens of the left eye is often yellower in colour than that of the right eye. At the histological level, the rhabdomes of the retinas of both eyes show the usual rectilinear pattern typical of cephalopods. Unlike other species described, however, the orientation of the pattern is not uniform over the retina. The optic lobes are well developed on both sides, again following the typical squid pattern, although the plexiform and inner granular layers are thicker on the left side. In life it is likely that the animals orient at an oblique angle with the arms downward, and the left eye pointing upwards and the right eye downwards, and the asymmetries of the visual system are probably related to this posture. No corresponding asymmetries in the statocysts or other parts of the central nervous system have, however, been detected

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new species of stoloniferous octocoral assignable to the genusBathytelestoBayer, 1981 is described from the Indian Ocean coast of southern Africa. The new taxon represents the fifth described species of the family Clavulariidae with rigid cylindrical or tubular anthosteles composed of inseparably‐fused sclerites. Four genera are currenly in use to accommodate these species. However, only one of these (Scyphopodium) seems to be morphologically well differentiated from the rest. The other three (Stereotelesto, Bathytelesto and Rhodelinda) are here considered as nominal at present until more material representing all of the taxa can be accumulated and a detailed comparative examination made. Of these four genera, the new species is morphologically most closely aligned with the genusBathytelest

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new species of a phyllophorid holothurian, Neothyonidium arthroprocessum, is described from the shallow waters of False Bay, South Africa. The new species is distinct from other phyllophorids in possessing peculiar narrow transverse slits in the body wall, a calcareous ring with joined posterior processes to the radial plates, and short thick perforated rods as body wall deposits. The diagnosis of the genus Neothyonidium is amended to accommodate the new species.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A reconstruction is presented of the phylogenetic relationships withingTriturus. Two different data sets are used. Protein electrophoretic data were scored for 19 presumptive gene loci in nine species (Rafinski&Arntzen, 1987) and a set of 16 behaviour characters from the courtship ofTrituruswas scored for the same nine species. When these are analysed in concernt, a single, fully resolved and robust solution is found. Consequently, two subgenera are recognized:TriturusandPalaeotriton, the former including all te medium‐ and large‐bodied species:T. alpestris, T. vittatus, T. marmoratus, T. cristatusand its three former subspecies (T. carnifex, T. dobrogicusandT. Karelini); the latter comprising the small‐bodied species:T. bascai, T. italicus, T. helveticus, T. vulgarisandT. montandoni. Within the subgenusTriturus, T. alpestrisandT. vittatusare sister taxa to the remaining members of the subgenus. Similarly,T. boscaiandT. italicusare a monophyletic group, sister toT. vulgaris, T. helveticusandT. montandoni. Alternative solutions may be found on the basis of a quantitative analysis of the behavioural characters employed in this study. An alternative phylogenetic tree is included as an ex

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sub‐colony of 20 pipistrelle bats was studied during late pregnancy and lactation. Seventeen females gave birth to single young, with 16 young surviving to weaning. Free association and flight were permitted, and mother‐infant pairs were identified and marked on the day of birth (day 0). Suckling associations were identified daily (n = 195) and females were never found suckling young other than their own. A series of choice experiments using young aged 0–10 days and 15–25 days indicated that females would permit only their own offspring to suckle during both early and late lactation. During early lactation, mothers actively selected their young and encouraged suckling but did not do so during late lactation. Mothers were most often indifferent to approaches by alien young but occasionally aggressively rejected them. Mothers never aggressively rejected their own young but frequently were indifferent to them. Young attempted to suckle from any mother without discrim

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY