摘要:

Stephenson (1930) recognized 15 genera, and Hrabě (1936 to 1963) has distinguished 17 genera of Lumbriculidae, a family of freshwater Oligochaeta. On the basis of the form and arrangements of the parts of the genital system, a scheme is suggested in which 12 genera of Lumbriculidae are recognized. These genera are defined and a key erected for their identification. Reasons for removingDorydrilusPiguet, 1913 from the Lumbriculidae are presented and the family Dorydrilidae fam. n. is defined to accommodate the genus

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The feeding, burrowing and fighting behaviour and courtship display of the two ocypodidsHeloecius cordiformis(H. Milne Edwards) andHemiplax latifrons(Haswell) are described from daytime observations in the field over a two‐year period and from four months study under laboratory conditions. The behaviour of the two species is compared with that of other ocypodid crabs.Heloecius cordiformisandHemiplax latifronslive intertidally in estuaries in semi‐permanent burrows and feed on detritus sifted from the mud and sand by the mouth‐parts. The two species each possess considerably stereotyped patterns of behaviour, particularly in relation to fighting and courtship display in which the two differ most. The courtship display ofHeloecius cordiformisclosely resembles that of vertically waving, narrow‐fronted species of fiddler crabs (genusUca).The fighting behaviour ofHemiplax latifronsis similar to that of the New ZealandHemiplax hirtipes(Jacquinot) which apparently lacks courtship

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Development of the clavicle in the Japanese quail is described in detail and evidence presented for its development in cartilage. Chondroblast cells and the chondroitin sulphate of the cartilage matrix are identified using a toluidine blue‐silver impregnation technique. It was found that the cartilage phase is transitory and is rapidly obliterated by the ossification stage. An initial invasion of the cartilage by osteoblasts is followed by deposition of granules of calcified material scattered randomly in the cartilage in the region of the ramus. In the hypocleideum, however, the calcification is initially perichondral, as seen in the initial ossification of the coracoid, but later resembles that of the clavicular ramus, in being random. The pattern of chondrogenesis and'osteogenesis seen in the clavicle suggests an acceleration of the normal process of endochondral ossification with an abbreviation of the cartilage phase. This study reveals that the development of the clavicle in this bird is not dissimilar (as is generally accepted) to that of other skeletal elements of the primary pectoral girdl

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mosquitoCulex torrentiumMartini is a sibling species ofC. pipiensL. and was first discovered in Britain in 1951. However, it is now evident that it was present in this country from at least 1900. Collections from a few southern localities in England indicate that the size of its population is about a third that ofC. pipiens.A comparative taxonomic study showed that neither the eggs nor larvae can be separated from those ofC. pipiens, and that only in certain instances can the pupae of the two species be distinguished. Males are readily separated on the structure of the terminalia. Previously it was considered that C.torrentiumcould be distinguished by the presence of a pre‐alar patch of scales, but it is shown that in a few specimens they are absent and in others they may become easily detached.Larvae of both species frequently occur together in the same habitats, and no differences were observed in the biology of their immature stages. Serological tests showed that adults of both species feed on birds. Adult females of both species hibernate during the autumn, but whereas those ofC. pipiensare common in man‐made shelters,C. torrentiumis abs

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

digestive gland inViviparus bengalensisdoes not show prominent rhythmicity in enzyme secretion during the post‐feeding period. Amylolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes are secreted at a slightly enhanced rate between the first and second hour after feeding, which is followed by gradual decline to become more or less constant. The secretion of different enzymes is synchronous. The absence of secretory rhythms during post‐feeding period appears to be correlated with food‐habits and feeding beha

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ossification of the olecranon has been examined in immature ulnae representative of several mammalian orders. It is found that, in primates, the olecranon develops from two constant epiphyses, viz. a superficial, scale‐like traction epiphysis and a deeper, articular or pressure epiphysis, responsible for the ossification of the proximal portion of the articular trochlear fossa. In non‐primates the olecranon manifests a single epiphysis, of the traction variety, remote from the trochlear fossa which is exclusively diaphyseal in constitut

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The male genitalia of the rock hyrax(ProcaviaandHeterohyrax)are described. Features of the gross anatomy and histology of the testes and male accessory organs are presented, and comparison is made between the sexually active and sexually quiescent animal.Microscopical observations have revealed the main area of storage of spermatozoa in this mammal and partly on these grounds, a new nomenclature for different parts of the reproductive system is proposed. Seasonal variations in male sexual activity in these mammals are also discussed, in addition to anatomical considerations.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A detailed study of the diet ofEurydice pulchraLeach andEurydice affinisHansen, sand beach isopods, reveals that these species are almost wholly carnivorous. A description of the mouthparts, together with their mode of functioning, derived both by direct observation and an interpretation of their structure, shows how they are adapted for tearing and bolting animal food material.The gross morphology of the alimentary canal is described, including a detailed study of the foregut, which appears to be relatively simple in structure, lacking a cardiac region. An interpretation of the functioning of the foregut is given, from which it is apparent that this region serves to mix rapidly bolted food with digestive gland enzymes, and also to squeeze out liquid food matter which is channelled into the digestive glands. The bulk of the solid food is passed back into the distensible anterior hindgut, where it may be stored for up to three weeks undergoing gradual digestion. The hindgut lacks a peritrophic membrane, but anal irrigation occurs.The digestive system is compared with that of herbivorous and omnivorous isopods. It shows structural and functional modifications related to the carnivorous mode of life, which appear to be characteristic ofEurydiceand are related to the general ecology of the genus.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fauna of a number of intertidal habitats ranging from estuarine mud to marine sand has been examined in the region of Porto Novo, south‐east India. Quantitative estimates of meiofauna and macrofauna are given, and the distribution and relationships of these two size categories discussed. Comparison is made with intertidal areas in other parts of the worl

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the cuticle ofRicinoides sjostedti, Ricinoides afzeliiandCryptocellus lampelihas been carried out using staining and histochemical tests in an attempt to determine its chemical composition and to relate it to other arthropod cuticles. The examination has revealed that the cuticle of ricinulids differs in several ways from other arthropods studied and shows most similarity to the spider and king crab cuticle. Histochemical tests failed to reveal the presence of sulphur, an element occurring in the cuticle of other arachnids. Insufficient material prevented the use of strong oxidizing methods to determine whether or not sulphur does occur in the cuticle. A description is given of the pore canals in the ricinulid cuticle. The structure and pattern of the pore canals is different from that seen in any other arthropod so far described.

ISSN:0952-8369    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY