摘要:

Recent work has suggested that, in man, the specific inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, zimelidine, can block the effects of ethanol on memory processes without affecting psychomotor performance decrements produced by ethanol. The present study was carried out to investigate whether a similar interaction between ethanol and zimelidine could be observed in mice. Using a 2-trial conditioned fear test known to be sensitive to the effects of benzodiazepines and similar drugs, it was found that ethanol, administered before the first trial, produced a dose-related disruption of fear conditioning as shown on the second trial. In a second experiment several doses of zimelidine were administered at the same time as a dose of either ethanol or diazepam. No evidence was obtained for a zimelidine-induced antagonism of the effects of either ethanol or diazepam.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118238

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of trazodone (100 mg), amitriptyline (50 mg) or placebo either alone or with ethanol (0.5 ml/kg) were investigated in 6 healthy volunteers in a double-blind crossover study. Plasma concentrations of the drugs and ethanol were also measured. Pharmacodynamic tests were critical flicker fusion frequency threshold (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT), manual dexterity, a digit span test and visual analogue scales. Blood ethanol concentrations were not influenced by the co-administration of either antidepressant. tmax for trazodone was prolonged by ethanol but the other pharmacokinetic parameters for trazodone and amitriptyline were not influenced by ethanol. Trazodone and amitriptyline caused the expected profound depressant effects on CFF, CRT, manual dexterity and on the rating scales for drowsiness, ‘clearheadedness’, aggression and disinhibition. Ethanol alone impaired manual dexterity, increased drowsiness, reduced ‘clearheadedness’ and also tended to reduce feelings of aggression. In combination with either trazodone or amitriptyline, ethanol caused little additional effect except in the case of manual dexterity, which was further impaired. This result may reflect the profound effects of the antidepressants alone and does not suggest that it is safe for patients receiving antidepressant medication to take ethanolic

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118284

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Within a psychological theory of depression it is postulated that lithium influences the rigid and irregular patterns of psychic processes characterizing the premorbid state of patients with affective psychoses. Visual perception as a basic psychic function was, therefore, investigated in 16 patients, under long-term lithium treatment (= A), after 6 weeks of placebo (= B), after 6 weeks of reinstituted lithium (= A’). Series of clear, masked, and mixed stimuli (4 digit numbers) were presented tachistoscopically. It was found that lithium raises the perceptual threshold for all kinds of stimuli. Under lithium total performance for masked, i.e. complex stimuli was significantly changed, though not unidirectionally, if these stimuli were presented mixed with clear stimuli in randomized order. This finding of a lithium-induced increased variance of total performance, implying recognition and resolution of complex stimuli, was confirmed by a replication study in 6 patients having participated in the main study and being reexamined under continuous lithium medication without a placebo period. It is concluded that lithium modifies visual perception, and that possibly it influences the individual’s expectancy towards the next stimulus during repeated exposures of mixed simple and complex targ

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of amitriptyline, trazodone and placebo on cognitive skills performance were examined in a group of 15 normal volunteers with a minimum age of 60. Each subject was behaviorally tested after single, acute treatments at weekly sessions using a battery of tasks measuring visual search, division of attention, tracking, critical tracking, rate of information processing, and vigilance. Amitriptyline, 50 mg, produced impairment on the vigilance task, the divided attention task and the critical tracking task. In addition, episodes of extended insensitivity to external stimuli similar to short-term sleep occurred. In contrast, trazodone exhibited impairment only on the critical tracking task. This study indicates that trazodone is less likely than amitriptyline to produce impairment of skills performance aspects of cognition.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118285

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Paired associate learning performance and strategies were analyzed in terms of learning situations (training vs. ‘contextual’ and ‘noncontextual transfer), personality factors [Thrill and adventure seeking (TAS) and disinhibition (Dis)] and catecholamine enzyme activity [dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and monoamine-oxydase (MAO)]. Performance was better in transfer situations, in high MAO-high DBH subjects (high catecholamine turnover rate?), and as a negative function of DBH (preponderance of dopaminergic activity?). Error patterns of response selection (high omission and low intrusion error rate) were found to be a positive function of contextual transfer, TAS and DBH (high response-contingent noradrenergic acti

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118240

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The London Centre of the UK National Poisons Information Service has received 107 enquiries about cases of self-poisoning involving trazodone. In 46 cases further data concerning symptoms and outcome were received from the doctor who made the enquiry. The data so far received imply that this drug is of low toxicity, when compared with tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118286

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serious overdoses associated with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are frequently lethal. Problems associated with tricyclic antidepressant overdoses are usually the result of an acute or an acute-on-chronic overdosage. The patient who overdoses on tricyclic antidepressants may die, despite every medical effort to save him. An overdose of trazodone significantly differs from an overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant. The currently available clinical data indicate that coma and hypotension are the main concerns with trazodone overdose, and heretofore have been successfully treated with lavage, fluid therapy, and observation.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118287

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a retrospective analysis, correlations were sought between pretreatment electroencephalographic and clinical data obtained in 18 therapeutic studies conducted in elderly patients according to almost identical protocols. Power spectrum analysis was applied to the EEG tracings, while clinical status was observer-rated using the Sandoz clinical assessment – geriatric (SCAG) scale. The study population comprised a total of 286 patients between the ages of 51 and 97 years (median age 70 years), 162 of whom were male (median age 68 years) and 124 female (median age 73 years). A 2-week washout period and several ‘adaptation recordings’ preceded the pretreatment EEGs used in this analysis. These tracings were recorded under resting conditions between 8 and 10 a.m. and were followed by an assessment of clinical status. Spearman rank correlations with 4 EEG parameters – total slow waves, alpha and beta waves, and dominant alpha frequency – were computed for all 18 SCAG items and for Overall impression of patient’ as well as for 5 SCAG factors. All 96 – (19+5) × 4 – correlation coefficients were formally tested for statistical significance at the nominal level of α = 0.05. In this analysis, 9 of the 18 items, Overall impression’ and two of the factors (‘apathy’ and ‘somatic dysfunction’) showed nominally significant correlations with at least 1 of the 4 EEG variables. As expected, a positive correlation was found between percentage slow-wave activity and degree of clinical impairment. In addition correlations were identified between clinical data and alpha and beta activity. Limitations due to the retrospective nature of the study were as follows: most of the patients had been preselected with the aid of the 7-point SCAG rating scale and showed only moderate degrees of impairment (score of 3 or 4) for most items; consequently, there were few low or high scores (1–2 or 5–7). Moreover, the original studies were conducted by 12 different clinicians in 6 different European countries, while the computation of correlation was based on a single EEG lead (O2-Q; 5-min tracing recorded under resting conditions only). In view of this and of the wide range of additional information contained in the EEG, it is remarkable that nominally significant correlations were found between the EEG data and a relatively high proportion of the SCAG items. These correlations can also be seen as a contribution to the validation of the SCAG rating

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118241

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118288

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118271

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger