摘要:

Sleep EEG, nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and nocturnal hormone secretion were studied in four normal males during placebo, under up to 300 mg per day of moclobemide, the short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (type A), and after withdrawal. Under moclobemide, REM sleep was slightly suppressed. Drug cessation was followed by REM rebound. In contrast to REM sleep, NPT was not affected by the drug. The nocturnal cortisol concentration was elevated under moclobemide and this effect persisted after withdrawal. No influences on growth hormone, prolac-tin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone were found.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119145

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although previous studies have demonstrated enhanced mood and memory in humans following the consumption of glucose drinks, the effect of increasing blood glucose levels on other tasks has not received the same attention. In the present study, inspection time was unaffected by glucose drinks and blood glucose levels. However, increasing blood glucose levels resulted in faster decision times when reaction time was measured. It is concluded that speed of processing is faster when the availability of glucose to the brain is increased. The possibility that the glucose-induced improvements in reaction time reflect an increased synthesis of acetylcholine is discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119146

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

P3 amplitudes were often found to be reduced in schizophrenics, but in varying degree. We studied in a guessing task whether variations of group differences could even be obtained within the same task, by measuring P3 in the potentials evoked by the three qualitatively different events that occurred in each trial. We hypothesized that such variations were due to variations of subjective task relevance associated with each event. In each trial, a light or a sound was presented. Subjects had to confirm this ‘primary event’ by a delayed response, and then the current amount of money earned by correct responses was displayed. In the certain condition, the primary event was preceded by the appropriate cue on the screen (‘light’ or ‘sound’) whereas in the uncertain condition, the word ‘guess’ appeared. The task-relevance hypothesis predicted that schizophrenics would have smaller P3s than the control group with the primary event in the uncertain condition, but that the groups would not differ for the P3s evoked by the other events (certain primary event, cue and earnings display in uncertain and certain conditions). Essentially, this predicted pattern of results was obtained, but additional assumptions are needed for the task-relevance hypothesis to account for the precise pattern of results. Analysis of subjects’ guessing behavior showed that control subjects’ guesses were affected by the outcome of their preceding guesses while schizophrenics’ guesses were not. This result provides some additional support for the hypothesis that the guessing task is less relevant to schizophrenics tha

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119152

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119151

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Effects of an anxiolytic (diazepam; n = 13) and an antipsychotic (sulpiride; n = 6) on the location of EEG model sources in the frequency domain were studied in normal volunteers in 19-channel eyes-closed EEG before and 1,15, 30, 45 and 60 min after i.v. injections. Ten 2-second epochs from each recording were subjected to the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) Dipole Approximation which results in a single-source (in terms of phase angle) potential distribution map for each frequency point. Three-dimensional model dipole sources were fitted into the maps. Differences in source location before and after injection were computed, and differences between drugs were evaluated. The source location in the β band shifted significantly more towards superior and anterior areas after diazepam than sulpiride, most prominently in the first minute after injection; during this time, conventional β band power was significantly increased after diazepam versus sulpiride at all recording sites. The results demonstrate that the FFT dipole approximation adds direct 3-dimensional topographical information to power spectral results in pharmaco-EE

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119147

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Little is known about the effects of cocaine on cognitive tasks. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in 7 cocaine abusers during the performance of the auditory oddball task before and after the intravenous injections of saline and cocaine (60–80 mg). The P3B and slow wave components of the ERP were significantly larger 60–210 min after the cocaine than after the placebo injection. The results suggest that cocaine abusers have difficulty in maintaining optimal stimulus processing during extended testing. Cocaine blocks this decrement in stimulus process

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119148

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Habituation to evoked responses is obvious in waking but still controversial in sleep. Single-response analysis proves short-term habituation of auditory evoked potentials in stage 2 NREM sleep. The data are discussed referring to the two-system hypothesis of sensory processing in sleep and to DC instability and sleep maintenance mechanisms in stage 2 NREM. It is suggested that information processing might continue in sleep.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119149

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Five patients (4 women, 1 man) presented with an acute confusional episode for the first time between the ages of 53 and 76. Their EEGs showed generalized paroxysmal activity indicating a diagnosis of nonconvulsive generalized status epilepticus (absence status). Two patients had tonic-clonic seizures just before the onset of the status, but none had a history of chronic epilepsy. Three patients had long-standing psychiatric disorders. Treatment with psychotropic drugs and medical illness (vascular disease, metabolic derangement) may have acted as precipitating factors for the status epilepticus in all patients. The diagnosis was never made on admission, since psychiatric history and ictal behavioral manifestations often raised intriguing problems of differential diagnosis. In all cases, only ictal EEG could provide a correct diagnostic assessment.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119150

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger