摘要:

In a double-blind crossover study, 8 patients with classical migraine received disulfiram (400 mg/day) for 6 days, alternating with matched placebo tablets at 2 weekly intervals. Intravenous dopamine and tyramine pressor tests were performed on the 3rd and 6th days of each phase, respectively. 50-75% of patients experienced migraine attacks within 24 h of a test. There was no difference in the incidence of attacks between dopamine and tyramine injections. The number of migraine-free days was more during the placebo week than during disulfiram treatment (p < 0.05). The post-tyramine migraine index correlated directly with the amount of tyramine administered during the dose-response test (r = 0.66), but no such relationship was found with dopamine. In a further study, post-tyramine migraine was observed in only 1 of 5 patients treated with propranolol (80 mg/day) for 4 weeks. Neither disulfiram nor propranolol influenced the tyramine pressor sensitivity. It is concluded that increased adrenergic activity is responsible for more frequent attacks during disulfiram medication. A similar mechanism probably is responsible for post-dopamine/tyramine migraine in susceptible subjects. It is unlikely that tyramine plays any specific role, except via its effect on the adrenergic system, in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks. However, the tyramine challenge test can be useful in the evaluation of a putative antimigranous activity of a new drug.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118123

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The alkaloid (–)-cathinone, which accounts for the stimulating properties of khat leaves, has a pharmacological profile closely resembling that of (+)-amphetamine. Since amphetamine is known to induce release at CNS serotonin storage sites, experiments were performed to determine whether (–)-cathinone also displays this aspect of amphetamine action. When the effects of (–)-cathinone and (+)-amphetamine on the release of radioactivity from rat striatal tissue prelabelled with 3H-serotonin were compared, it was found that (–)-cathinone had a releasing effect similar to that of (+)-amphetamine, although it was only one third as potent. Thus, the khat alkaloid (–)-cathinone appears to share an important effect of (+)-amphetamine on serotoninergic neurotra

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118124

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

0.125 mg brotizolam and 2.5 mg nitrazepam proved to be equipotent in promoting and maintaining sleep in 29 elderly patients used to long-term hypnotics. These drugs were superior to placebo and they were excellently tolerated. The drugs were administered in a random order, double-blind, for 7 nights each.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118125

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diazepam 5 mg, promethazine 25 mg, propiomazine 25 mg, and placebo as sleeping aids were studied in 40 elderly inpatients. The drugs were administered in a random order, double-blind, on 21 nights. All active drugs were found effective in the mentally normal elderly, but in the psychogeriatric group of 20 patients, only propiomazine very significantly reduced the number of nocturnal awakenings and only diazepam almost significantly shortened the initial sleep latency, although duration of sleep was prolonged in both groups. There was neither loss of efficacy of the trial drugs nor rebound on withdrawal. Psychomotor skills and serum prolactin levels remained unaffected.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118126

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For centuries, a relationship between physical illness and mental illness has been assumed. Following this lead, many reports of an inverse relationship between a number of physical disorders and schizophrenia have appeared. Particularly, the low rates of occurrence of certain psychosomatic illnesses in schizophrenic patients seem to indicate a certain biological and psychodynamic basis. These associations are important in that they may unravel important etiological relationships. Furthermore, they are amenable to testing by epidemiological investigations. Hence there is a need to pursue these studies. The current data no doubt provide impetus for further work and directions for future studies. Well controlled and methodologically sound studies in this area may be of immense value in our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118127

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118128

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study investigated the emotional effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent oxprenolol (40 mg, p.o.) and the tranquilizing agent diazepam (5 mg, p.o.) in healthy subjects under three situational conditions:an emotionally neutral control situation and two situations designed to arouse different levels of anxiety. Both oxprenolol and diazepam induced positive emotional changes only in the more strongly anxiety-arousing situation. Significant differences between oxprenolol and diazepam in inducing emotional stabilization were not demonstrable.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118129

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Single case experiments have been used to make pharmacotherapeutic decision making more objective. 4 single case experiments are presented. In the case of 3 patients the question was whether flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) should be administered. In the 4th patient the issue was whether self-administration of Limbitrol (amitriptyline + chlordiazepoxide) should be terminated. Planning and analysis of these experiments was carried out by the randomization test.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118130

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the clinical effects of different drugs is a vital part of psychopharmacology. It is fair to say, however, that such analyses have thus far met with little success. This lack of success can be traced to a variety of sources that have flawed the analytical process itself. Detailed examination of these sources not only illuminates the nature of the flaws they engender, but suggests ways in which the analytic process can be modified so as to be a more fruitful one.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118131

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118132

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger