摘要:

In a prospective study, an abnormal white cell count and/or elevated protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was observed in 14/54 patients (26%) with acute psychiatric disorders, but in none of the 46 control subjects (p < 0.001). In addition, electrophoretic analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) showed an oligoclonal pattern in the CSF of 22 psychiatric patients (41 %). No such pattern could be detected in the control group (p < 0.001). These findings reinforce the value of lumbar puncture and CSF analysis in acute psychiatric disorders.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118192

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 male joggers participated in a 3-week experimental protocol designed to look at the effects of three levels of energy expenditure (no exercise, regular exercise, and double exercise) on mood and subsequent nocturnal sleep focusing on REM sleep and delta sleep parameters. Exercise conditions were well discriminated by daily (F(2,18) = 65.8, p < 0.0000) mean hip activity counts during monitored field exercise and by the mean weekly body weights (F(2,14) = 7.24, p < 0.007). Subjects slept for 2 nights in the laboratory following each exercise condition and filled out two brief, clinical self-rating scales each night prior to sleep. These two self-rating instruments together index 105 somatic and psychobiological symptoms that are subsumed by the five major clinical symptom clusters of: Depression, Mania, Anxiety, Cognitive Disorganization, and Organicity. There were no significant differences in manually scored whole-night sleep parameters with the exception of REM latency (F(2,18) = 3.63, p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in self-ratings of psychobiological symptoms by night or exercise condition. These results are discussed in the context of failure to support either the slow wave sleep-exercise hypothesis or the exercise-mood elevation hypothesis.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118193

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Persons suffering from age psychosis are known to have a high mortality rate. During the last decades there has been a general improvement in the standard of living and the availability of medical resources for the elderly in most western countries. It has been suggested that persons with a diagnosis of age psychosis have benefited from these changes and live longer with their illness than they did before. The Lundby cohort comprises 3,563 persons from a total population followed concerning mental disorders (psychiatrically treated as well as untreated) for 15 or 25 years. In the present Lundby Study we have calculated the changes over time concerning death risk among persons with senile and multi-infarct dementia and overmortality associated with these two main subgroups of age psychosis. We found that the prognosis in terms of mortality had not undergone any statistically significant change during the 25-year period 1947— 1972 among persons in the Lundby cohort with a diagnosis of senile and multi-infarct dementi

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118194

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study of 21 patients chronically treated with neuroleptics and suffering from tardive dyskinesia, tiapride (600 mg/day, mean plasma level: 682 ng/ml) exhibited a transient efficacy during 12 weeks of treatment, most distinct in the 6th week (p < 0.01). Tiapride induced an increase of prolactin plasma levels, on the average, from 1,195 to 2,179 µlU/ml (p < 0.01). Tiapride was well tolerated. Increase of parkinsonism was only mild and not significant. The results underline the difficulty in treating tardive dyskinesia and, thus, confirm the importance of prevention

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118195

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study was undertaken on the effects on pure manic syndromes of the reduction of intracytoplasmic ionized calcium by administration of a calcium antagonist. Four well-known bipolar patients (manic type) were significantly improved. 1 patient was rapidly cured, though in this case (first attack in a young man) the possibility of spontaneous remission could not be excluded. 2 patients showed no improvement, suffering from a secondary manic state related to the onset of cerebral atrophy. If confirmed, these results should orientate future research in primary manic syndromes and in the mode of action of lithium on calcium metabolism.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118196

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Longisectional interaction structure analysis (LISA) is a method for evaluating multivariate observations in a sample of individuals (patients) at two or more than two subsequent times (stages). It combines cross-sectional configural frequency analysis (CFA) for defining interactions between variables at a given stage with longitudinal interaction structure analysis (ISA) in relating variables observed at two subsequent stages, nonparametrically. The interactions are identified locally as types rather than globally as contingencies, where types are defined as (cross-sectional or longitudinal) patterns occurring in more individuals than expected under H0 of no (cross-sectional or longitudinal) interaction. LISA is applied to data sets from a clinical follow-up study and from a longitudinal study within developmental psychology. It is shown to be a useful technique for the interpretation of such data.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118197

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The metyrapone test, a useful and reliable procedure for assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, was applied to schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. 4 out of 18 patients had subnormal responses to metyrapone whereas there were no such cases in the 22 control subjects. 1 schizophrenic patient and 3 control subjects had high normal responses to metyrapone. The relationship with the dexamethasone suppression test was found to be complex. These preliminary results suggest that the HPA axis activity patterns in psychiatric illness may be more complicated than previously reported.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118198

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The transient visual-evoked potentials (VEP), recorded in patients suffering from generalized epilepsy, can be characterized by a duplication of the negative peak with a latency of 70–100 ms, a strong increase in amplitude of the negative peak between 80 and 130 ms and the development of a high amplitude slow negative wave following the primary complex. In this study we have investigated to which degree these changes are influenced by the intravenous administration of clonazepam and sodium valproate. Therefore, VEPs were registered in 30 patients, suffering from generalized epilepsy, just before and immediately after the intravenous injection of 0.4–0.8 mg clonazepam and further at 15, 30 and 16 min thereafter. The same procedure was applied on 10 patients treated with an intravenous injection of 400 mg sodium valproate. In both groups we found more or less a reduction in number and degree of the mentioned VEP changes. The improvement was associated with a strong decrease in amplitude of the VEP components in the group treated with clonazepam but was not seen in the sodium valproate gr

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118199

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Changes of field potentials electrically evoked from the mesencephalon were studied in two dopaminergic target areas. The modulation of the responses in prefrontal cortex and striatum induced by intravenous injection of various compounds influencing central dopaminergic transmission is followed. In general, drugs with a down-regulating effect on dopaminergic impulse activity produced a significant diminution of the response, whereas compounds enhancing dopaminergic impulse flow produced an increase of the signal amplitude. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the evoked potential as a screening procedure for monitoring dopaminergic impulse flow during the evaluation of new drugs against schizophrenia.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118200

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger