摘要:

Fifteen general practitioners treated 21 newly diagnosed insomniac patients with benzodiazepines. In 15 cases, a short-acting benzodiazepine was prescribed without regard to the type, severity, duration and probable cause of insomnia. Sleep-wake ambulatory recordings were made at the respective homes of the patients before, 1 week and 4–6 weeks after the commencement of drug treatment and once after stopping the medication. In spite of the large variability in sleep complaint as well as in prescribed drug, statistically significant changes of sleep-wake patterns were discerned 1 week after drug intake: sleep onset was shorter, light sleep (NREM stage 2) was increased and sleep efficiency was increased. However, although the subjective complaint appeared to have disappeared, these effects could no longer be measured 4 weeks later or after cessation of medicatio

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119461

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interrelations between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA) and the immune system represent a well-documented biological phenomenon. While in vitro administration of glucocorticoids may inhibit concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell proliferation, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven B-cell mitogenesis is relatively resistant to glucocorticoids. To further explore the link between the HPA and the immune system in relation to glucocorticoid receptor function, dose-response curves were obtained for Con A-and PHA-induced T-cell mitogenesis, PWM-generated B-cell mitogenesis and spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in 13 healthy controls. Glucocorticoid effects were assessed in vivo by depletion of endogenous glucocorticoids after oral administration of 1.5 g metyrapone (MET) and subsequent glucocorticoid replacement, and in vitro by incubation of the cells with different doses of dexamethasone (DEX). There was a significant decrease in PWM-induced B-cell mitogenesis and a more pronounced effect of DEX administered in vitro on spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation after MET treatment when compared with the DEX plus MET pretreated condition in vivo. These data suggest that the inhibition of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation by glucocorticoids in vitro is related to glucocorticoid receptor function. The decrease in PWM-generated B-cell proliferation following cortisol depletion by MET may be seen in connection with impaired glucocorticoid-mediated induction of interleukin-1 receptor synthesis.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119462

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For many years, we have been studying, in psychiatric conditions, the influx of tyrosine (TYR) and tryptophan (TRP), the two amino acid precursors of monoamines, across the membrane of human blood cells. We have also attempted to characterize better the transport mechanisms. In a previous paper, we suggested a close relationship between glucose and the two neuter amino acid transports in vitro. The purpose of the present study is to test the effect of cytochalasin B, the specific and potent inhibitor of glucose transport. Our data show that at high concentrations, the cytochalasin B induces a reversible inhibition of about 70% or more on the temperature-dependent influx of the two amino acids, depending on the medium of incubation. The effect of cytochalasin B was about 200 times less for TYR and TRP transport than for glucose. The cytochalasin E, claimed to be a nonspecific inhibitor, decreased both these transports only when used at very high concentrations, as described for sugar influx in the same structure. In conclusion, we suggest that there is a relationship between the transport of glucose and nucleosides, both carried into the cells by the glycoprotein band 4.5, and the two amino acid precursors of monoamines.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119463

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The anxiolytic activity, the tolerance, and the withdrawal symptoms of buspirone and oxazepam were compared in two groups of 14 and 12 outpatients, respectively, suffering from generalized anxiety in a double-blind study with random allocation of patients. The 6-week active period was preceded and followed by 1 and 2 weeks on placebo, respectively. Clinical assessments were performed before and after the predrug placebo period and every 2 weeks thereafter and included Hamilton anxiety and depression scales and AMDP anxiety subscale. The initial daily dose was 15 mg buspirone or 45 mg oxazepam in 3 intakes and the mean final daily doses were 22.2 and 55.8 mg, respectively. Results showed a slower anxiolytic activity of buspirone compared to oxazepam with less improvement after 2 weeks of treatment. The rebound anxiety following abrupt discontinuation of the drug and the level of side effects did not significantly differ between the two compounds.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119464

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was designed to compare the antidepressant effects of minaprine and amitriptyline in a group of 60 outpatients suffering from a major depressive episode as defined by the DSM III. The 6-week study was double-blind with a random allocation of treatment. Patients were treated with flexible daily doses of 200–300 mg of minaprine and 50–75 mg of amitriptyline. Both drugs showed significant global antidepressant efficacy with no significant difference between the two treatment groups. The Hamilton item ‘psychomotor retardation’ improved earlier with minaprine than amitriptyline. The incidence of anticholinergic adverse effects was significantly higher in the amitriptyline treatmen

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119465

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The behavioural toxicity of five anxiolytic benzodiazepines was examined in 28 volunteers who were studied in two groups of 14 subjects each. Each drug was taken nocte for 7 days, with a 4-week washout period between drugs. Assessments of psychomotor performance and sleep were made the morning following the first administration and the morning following the last administration. Comparisons of drug effect magnitudes using Cohen’s d scores suggest that effects on psychological function should be considered as central to the selection and use of such compound

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119466

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A double-blind placebo-controlled between-patient study was carried out to assess the effects of oxiracetam (CGP 21690E) on memory function in patients with epilepsy. During a 12-week period, either oxiracetam (800 mg t.i.d.) or placebo was given to 30 patients. Twenty-four of the patients had a partial epilepsy. Most patients were on monotherapy carbamazepine. Effect of oxiracetam on memory and related cognitive functions were assessed, using a computerized neuropsychological testing method, while concomitant electrophysiological changes were investigated with routine EEG registration, power spectrum analysis and auditory evoked event-related potentials (P3OO). Subjective evaluation of well-being was quantified with a mood rating scale. The results did not show any meaningful changes in memory function. This finding is in line with the subjective patient reports and the P3OO measures.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119467

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

When treated chronically with haloperidol, rats show progressively enhanced behavioral suppression, mimicking the delay of onset seen clinically with neuroleptics. To investigate potential neurochemical mechanisms underlying this delay, low-dose apomorphine treatment was administered after withdrawal from 21 days of 0.1 mg/kg haloperidol, to probe for depolarization inactivation or autoreceptor supersensitivity. This haloperidol treatment was subthreshold for inducing either dopamine autoreceptor supersensitivity or postsynaptic supersensitivity as evidenced by equivalent metabolic reductions in chronically treated neuroleptic versus vehicle groups, and an absence of stereotypical responding in either condition. However, haloperidol treated rats appeared subsensitive to yawning induced by 0.07 mg/kg apomorphine. This latter response appears to be generated from an as yet unidentified postsynaptic dopaminergic substrate. The present observation suggests that, within a therapeutically relevant dose range, repeated neuroleptic administration induces a complex set of neuroadaptive processes (both up-and down-regulation of pre- and postsynaptic sites) in the underlying substrate for these drugs’ behavioral and biochemical effect

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119468

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119469

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger