摘要:

The uptake of tryptophan and tyrosine by the brain has been studied in 6 manic-depressive patients and in 8 schizophrenics. In an attempt to saturate the blood-brain transport mechanisms, this uptake has been evaluated by measuring the arteriovenous differences (arterial plasma-internal jugular plasma) of these two amino acids before and after perfusion with Z,-dopa and L-5-HTP. Considering a positive difference as an uptake and a negative one as an outflow, results show (1) in melancholia an uptake of tryptophan and an outflow of tyrosine; (2) in mania an uptake of tyrosine and an outflow of tryptophan, and (3) in schizophrenia an outflow of tryptophan accompanied with either an uptake or an outflow of tyrosine. In addition, the kinetics of tryptophan binding to plasma proteins and the ratio of tryptophan/tyrosine uptake are different in manic-depressive illness and in schizophrenia. These results support the view that a disturbance in the blood-brain transport mechanisms of tryptophan and tyrosine could be involved in the physiopathology of manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117620

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Neurological and EEG findings were studied in 113 children diagnosed as adjustment reaction, behavior disorder, and minimal brain dysfunction (MBD). The MBD patients were subdivided into MBD behavior and MBD learning groups, thus yielding four patient groups in all. The presence of soft neurological signs and abnormal EEG examinations increased in stepwise fashion from the adjustment reaction group to the behavior disorder group, to the MBD behavior group, to the MBD learning group. The EEG records were rated on 16 variables, including amounts and frequencies of a variety of normal EEG features as well as abnormal features. The EEG ratings were then subject to a discriminant analysis. Three discriminant functions were found to be necessary to describe the relation of the four groups. The functions were identified as cortical maturity, cortical abnormality, and cortical reactivity. This implies that the groups do not just differ along one dimension, but along three dimensions. The discriminant program correctly classified 53% of the patients.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117621

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mice subjected to prolonged socioenvironmental deprivation gradually develop hyperirritability and hyperreactivity to physical stimuli. This heightened neuroexcitability may or may not debouch into aggressiveness according to strain and sex of the animals, and it is accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to CNS depressants. Socioenvironmental deprivation or isolation is shown to decrease the sensitivity either to pentobarbital or to ethanol potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time in male mice from two different strains.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117622

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Repeated measurements of reaction times were made individually in 53 healthy subjects at 60-sec intervals and continued for 30 min. The subject’s visual perceptual task each minute was to determine the momentary cessation of the second hand of a clock and his reaction times were automatically recorded. The results showed that the subject’s reaction times followed a free-running cycle ranging in frequency between 4 and 15 min when their reaction times were submitted to spectral analysis and autocorrelograms obtained. Error scores during the procedure showed significant correlations with chronological age but not with gender. The biological implications of these oscillations are discus

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117623

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentrations of insulin and thyroid hormones, tryptophan, electrolytes, urea, plasma proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, and glucose in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in manic-melancholic patients were studied. As control groups served patients suffering from other psychiatric disorders as well as neurological and orthopedic patients. Apart from the blood values of thyroid hormones, the results showed no differences between the various diagnostic groups, neither in the abnormal states nor when recovered. For blood thyroxine and free thyroxine index, a statistically significant difference was seen in unipolar (melancholic) patients, namely a decrease concomitant with the clinical improvement. A tendency in the opposite direction of the thyroxine values was found in bipolar (melancholic) patients. In the manic group a marked decrease in the thyroxine values was obtained in the lithium-treated patients.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117624

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

25 patients with primary depression receiving therapeutic doses of imipramine showed no increase in chromosome abnormalities (either breaks or aneuploidy) when frequencies before and after initiation of imipramine therapy were compared. These results are in accord with previous in vitro findings showing an effect of imipramine on cell proliferation but not on frequency of chromosomal abnormalities.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117625

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between the lithium ratio (ratio of lithium in blood cells to that in plasma) and plasma lithium concentration was examined in a group of male inpatients taking lithium carbonate for affective disorders. The lithium ratio was found to increase in the majority of these patients as plasma lithium concentration increased. However, the magnitude of variation of the lithium ratio with plasma lithium concentration observed in these patients is not sufficient to seriously affect the value of determining the lithium ratio in the clinical situation.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117626

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117627

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger