摘要:

Twenty-eight days of neuroleptic treatment of 11 schizophrenics aged 16–23 years did not affect the binding values of 3H-PK 11195 to platelets. This lack of effect was in contrast to reduced peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites (PBS) observed in platelets of schizophrenics medicated over 2 years. These results may indicate that neuroleptic-induced down-regulation of PBS is a time-dependent phenomeno

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118349

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A group of 27 patients with definite (n = 20) or probable (n = 7) RDC major depressive disorder underwent 2 sleep EEGs and 1 TRH test while in a drug-free depressive phase. A short mean REM latency (< 60 min) identified 55.5% of major depressives while added use of blunted TSH responses (delta max. < 5 µU/ml) increased that percentage by 11 %. When patients were subdivided into RDC endogenous and nonendogenous, mean REM latency and global depression scores distinguished the 2 groups, while delta TSH did not. A short mean REM latency identified endogenous depression with 80% specificity and 76% sensitivity. The combination of REM latency and delta TSH reduced the specificity to 60%, and therefore cannot be recommended for differentiating endogenous from nonendogenous depression

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118350

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fasting blood sugar was determined in manic-depressive patients before the start of lithium treatment and at intervals during treatment for up to 6 years. The total exposure time to lithium was 495.5 years. Even though the patients gained significantly in age and body weight during the treatment, their mean blood sugar values remained the same as before treatment was started, and only 1 patient developed manifest diabetes. There is no reason to believe that long-term lithium treatment leads to increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118351

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118352

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Forty-two outpatients with major depressive disorder were treated with oral fezolamine in a 6-week, three-center open-label study. Therapy was initated at 100 mg/day; thereafter dosage was increased based on the response of the patient. Maintenance dosage usually ranged between 100 and 450 mg/day. Clinically significant improvement relative to the patient’s prestudy state was observed after 2 weeks in both patient and physician-rating scales. Fifty-five percent of patients improved their Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores by more than 50%. The median dose associated with a clinically significant response was 245 mg/day. Five of the 6 patients who dropped out did so because of gastrointestinal adverse effects. The most common adverse effects were nausea (36%), headache (29%), constipation (26%), and dry mouth (24%

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118353

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Effects on physiological parameters were compared among 9 antidepressants (amitriptyline 50 mg, imipramine 50 mg, nortriptyline 50 mg, amoxapine 50 mg, maprotiline 50 mg, mianserin 20 mg, zimelidine 100 mg, nomifensine 50 mg, and Y-8894 50 mg) after a single oral administration in healthy volunteers. Critical fusion frequency of flicker, body sway distance, salivary flow rate, near blurred point, and pulse rate were employed as parameters. The degree of the drug effects on the physiological parameters could be roughly classified into two to four groups according to maximum percent deviation of each parameter.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118354

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this article the effects of neurotransmitter systems or specific drugs on cognitive functions of aged animals and humans are reviewed. While there have been used many different pharmacologic and behavioral approaches to treat and test cognitive deficits in aged animals and geriatric or demented patients, there is still the question of the validity of animal models of human disorders. Attempts are made to show that there are parallels and similarities. These similarities suggest that the neurological and neurochemical changes observed may play common roles in similar behavioral deficits observed in aged animals and humans.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118355

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study relates subject-paced rapid information processing to different components of event-related brain potentials in an attempt to gain more information about changes in mental performance in relation to alveolar smoke absorption as assessed by expired air CO measurement. The task consisted in the presentation of pseudorandom sequences of single digits, and the subjects had to respond to each sequence of three odd or three even digits. The triplets evoked a typical late negativity in the event-related potential between the second and third digit as well as a P300 component following the third digit. In 21 smokers, task performance, event-related potentials and tidal air CO concentration were measured before and after smoking a cigarette. The results revealed increases in performance and P300 magnitude from pre- to postsmoking which were unaffected by the amount of CO absorption. A differential trend was seen, however, with the late negativity, which increased from pre- to postsmoking only in subjects with a large amount of CO absorption. The results support the assumption of the distraction arousal model used as an interpretation of these effects on contingent negative variation and suggest that high CO absorbing smokers possibly depend more on neuropharmacological effects of smoking than smokers with a low amount of CO absorption.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118356

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The hippocampal electrical activity and behavior of rabbits have been studied in the presence of novel and emotional stimuli. The effects of these stimuli have been recorded in controls and in groups of animals treated with ACTH (4–10) (10 µg/100 g, i.m.) and ACTH (1–24) (10 µg/100 g, i.m.). Recordings were made immediately and 30 min after injection. ACTH (4–10) injection failed to evoke any significant behavioral or electrical response. Rabbits recorded 30 min after ACTH (1–24) injection showed a reduction of hippocampal RSA (rhythmic slow activity) frequency and behavioral activity. In particular, reduction of exploration, self-grooming, motor activity and approaches to the new object have been observed. Since ACTH is characterized by a corticotropic action these results can be due to corticosteroid st

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118357

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger