摘要:

The medical histories of a group of 511 patients hospitalized for schizophrenia were examined for the occurrence of perinatal distress. These patients were part of a 40-year follow-up study, so that their prognostic outcome was known at the time of this study. In this way, 200 cases of chronic schizophrenia were compared with 311 cases of psychotics with good prognosis. It was found that a history of perinatal distress was much more common in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group. This difference could not be accounted for by age or family history of psychiatric illness.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118359

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The total biopterin levels of plasma in 12 patients with depression were measured. They were elevated significantly as compared with those in normal controls. The plasma biopterin levels in 6 of 12 patients were measured both in the depressive and in the remissive phases. In the depressive phase the total biopterin levels were increased, whereas in the remission phase they did not differ from those in normal controls. Antidepressants did not affect the plasma biopterin levels. We speculate that the elevation of the plasma biopterin levels in patients with depression was related to the depressive state itself.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118360

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum PGF2α titers were examined in 8 sober alcoholic males who had attempted suicide and 19 nonattempting alcoholic males. Two of the 8 attempters had used violent means and the remaining 6 had used nonviolent means. The suicide attempters had significantly lower PGF2α titers, relative to the nonattempters (p < 0.005), with the violent attempters expressing maximally reduced titers. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, alcohol consumption patterns, or admission scores on the Beck Depression Inventor

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118361

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied platelet 3H-imipramine binding and family history of affective illness in 26 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 24 patients with unipolar affective disorder. The density of platelet 3H-imipramine binding sites (Bmax) was significantly lower in bipolar patients with family history of affective illness than in healthy controls; however, there was a considerable overlap in Bmax values between the familial cases and the normal controls. A similar trend was observed in familial cases of unipolar disorder but the differences fell short of statistical significance. The nonfamilial cases of affective disorder did not differ from the healthy controls. The possible role of reduced platelet 3H-imipramine binding as a genetic vulnerability ‘marker’ in affective disorder was discus

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118362

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ability of chronic treatment with imipramine (an antidepressant with anti-panic activity) to antagonise the anxiogenic effects of 3 different compounds was investigated in the elevated plus-maze. The compounds chosen are likely to produce anxiety by activity at different sites in the central nervous system: yohimbine, by blocking the α2-adrenoceptor; FG 7142, by action at the β-carboline site on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex and pentylenetetrazole, by acting at the picrotoxinin site on this complex. Administration of imipramine following 21 days pre-treatment did not produce a significant consistent anxiolytic effect alone and was unable to reverse the anxiety produced by any of the 3 anxiogenic compounds. Our results are discussed in terms of the nature of the anxiety produced by the anxiogenic drugs and the sensitivity of tests of anxiety to anti-panic agent

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118363

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Individual male and female Sprague-Dawley rats with indwelling jugular catheters were subjected to restraint stress both without and with pretreatment with 1 g/kg ethanol (i.p., 20% w/v in water). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were determined prior to restraint and at 5, 15 and 30 min after the onset of immobilization. Overall, ethanol increased the baseline levels of both catecholamine slightly and transiently but markedly decreased the stress response of both NE and E. The extent of the stress response alone and its reduction by ethanol varied markedly among animals and between the sexes. Female rats showed more varied and higher stress responses and a slightly different response to ethanol. Individual baseline values of NE or E without or after ethanol did not predict the intensity or duration of the stress response or its reduction by ethanol. The total stress response over the entire stress period without ethanol was mostly determined by the 5-min stress response, whereas the total stress response with ethanol was mostly determined by the 15- and 30-min stress responses. The stress response without ethanol predicted strongly its reduction by ethanol; the greater the stress response without ethanol the greater its reduction by ethanol. Our data obtained in rats support the ‘tension reduction hypothesis’ of human alcoholism and would place individuals with a high stress response at greatest risk to abuse alco

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118364

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There has been clinical and experimental evidence that cholinergic compounds and precursors of choline are potentially useful in the treatment of dementia. Anticholinergic compounds have also been proposed as a possible acute model for pharmaco-EEG studies focussed on CNS aging. Single doses of scopolamine (0.25–0.75 mg i.m.) and a matching placebo were administered to 8 young healthy volunteers. Quantitative EEG recordings and neuropsychological testing were performed in baseline conditions prior to and 30, 90 and 120 min after drug administration. Scopolamine induced a dose-related increase of relative power in low- and high-frequency components and a decrease in the range 8.0–13.5 Hz and in total signal power. These modifications were found to be limited to the posterior scalp electrode derivations and were observed from the 90-min control onwards. Concomitantly, there was a significant impairment in the subjects’ response to neuropsychological testing after the administration of 0.50 and 0.75 mg of scopolamine. At a dose of 0.75 mg, volunteers complained about subjective symptoms which were definitely unpleasant. The effects of this dose on the EEG and the neuropsychological status did not differ significantly from those observed after a dose of 0.50 mg. As regards dose and tolerance, 0.50 mg of scopolamine administered intramuscularly appears to be a suitable dose for pharmaco-EEG st

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118365

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of oral paroxetine and zimeldine on EEG sleep-waking phases in the rat were investigated over a wide dose range. To ascertain that at the doses used for the EEG studies paroxetine and zimeldine selectively affect the serotoninergic system, their effects on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and noradrenaline were determined. It was found that paroxetine and zimeldine at doses of 1–18 mg/kg dose-dependently prolonged waking and shortened slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. In the same dose range cortical 5-HT turnover was significantly reduced, whereas the other aminergic systems were not influenced. These results suggest that 5-HT uptake inhibitors increase vigilance in rats at oral doses which selectively stimulate the serotoninergic syste

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118366

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger