摘要:

The influence of endocrine factors on monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) and on noradrenaline metabolism has been evaluated by measuring platelet MAO activity and plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG), the major deaminated metabolite of noradrenaline, as well as serum levels of steroid hormones weekly in 9 young healthy women during one menstrual cycle. A decrease in platelet MAO activity (correlated with high serum estradiol levels) was observed during the ovulatory period. In contrast, plasma free or sulfoconjugated DOPEG remained unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle. These results indicate that the hormonal status should be taken into consideration in studies dealing with platelet MAO activity in depressed women.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118222

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-eight patients with narcolepsy are compared to a sex- and age-matched control population with regard to the frequency of psychiatric symptoms. The occurrence of psychiatric syndromes in narcolepsy patients is also examined. The frequency of psychiatric illness in patients with cataplexy or hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations is evaluated as well. Analysis with the Mann-Whitney test found a significant association between narcolepsy and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Premorbid history of organic brain disease was associated with mental illness, but was nonspecific for psychopathology.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118223

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixty out-patients with different nosological types of depression were assigned at random to three different treatment groups and were treated under double-blind conditions for 6 weeks. Two groups received diclofensine in capsules of either 15 or 25 mg, and a third group received capsules with imipramine 25 mg. The dosage schedule provided an initial dose of 2 capsules/day which was to be gradually increased up to a maximum dose of 9 capsules/day. The daily mean dosages actually given over the entire trial period were 64.0 mg diclofensine for group I, 97.6 mg diclofensine for group II, and 102.9 mg imipramine for group III. All treatment groups showed a good improvement of the patients’ clinical states within the 6-week period, but the imipramine-treated patients improved more slowly than the diclofensine-treated patients. This was demonstrated by the mean total scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Evaluation of different factors of the HDRS yielded differences between the two drugs in favour of diclofensine for the factor ‘inhibition’ from the end of week 1 until the end of week 3 and for the factor ‘somatic complaints’ during week 3. Side effects were – dose dependently – less frequent, less severe, and lasted shorter in the diclofensine-treated patients than in the imipramine-treated ones. The most frequently reported side effects in the diclofensine-treated patients were dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, and agitation. In the imipramine group side effects were mainly dry mouth, tremor, dizziness, and sleepiness. In conclusion, this study shows an impressively faster onset of efficacy of diclofensine over imipramine, a finding which should be replicated by fu

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118224

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A review of studies using cholinergic drugs as tools to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating affective and predatory aggressive behaviour reveals that the same two cholinergic systems are involved with both sorts of behaviour. There is a brain muscarinic system initiating aggression and a nicotinic system which inhibits aggressive behaviour. This evidence suggests that there could be two possible forms of cholinergic therapy for aggression, cholinolytics and nicotinic agonists. These possibilities are discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118225

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of the novel putative anxiolytic, tracazolate, were investigated in the social interaction of anxiety and the holeboard. Tracazolate (5 mg/kg) had an anxiolytic action that was no longer observed at higher doses (10–25 mg/kg); in the holeboard tracazolate produced a dose-related (5–25 mg/kg) depression of exploratory head-dipping, locomotor activity and rearing. The effects of tracazolate in the social interaction test, but not in the holeboard, could be reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, Ro 15–1788 (10 m

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118226

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By means of a sensory conditioning procedure, auditory ‘hallucinations’ were produced in a set of subjects by pairing a light and a tone. The effect of two doses of scopolamine on the occurrence of these hallucinations was investigated, and the results showed that they were more likely to occur after scopolamine than when subjects had received a placebo. This change was attributed to the impairment of information processing induced by scopolam

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118227

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuropsychological effects of single, oral doses or piracetam (800–6,400 mg) and of its association with lecithin (4,800 mg and 25 g, respectively) were investigated in two groups of healthy volunteers in placebo-controlled studies. The EEG was quantified by power spectral analysis; both parametric and nonparametric procedures were applied to process the EEG and neuropsychological data statistically. The drug plasma concentration was assessed (gas chromatography) in concomitance with the EEG and neuropsychological measurements. Piracetam was found to elicit systematic EEG effects, namely a decrease in the low-frequency components and an increase in the power of the 8.5- to 12.0-Hz and of the fast-frequency components. The EEG modifications were restricted to the anterior scalp areas; its detection by means of parametric statistics was conditioned by the relevant individual variability and was inferred resting upon a number of criteria (indication at nonparametric tests, topography, consistency across subjects, replicability, etc.). The correlation between EEG changes and drug plasma concentration was ambiguous, and the compound was not found to be effective on any of the neuropsychological variables considered. The study exemplifies some of the methodological problems in quantitative pharmaco-EEG and emphasizes the relevance of topography and replicatio

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118228

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118229

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118230

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118231

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger