摘要:

28 cases of suicide committed in a Swedish population subjected to repeated psychiatric investigations are described. Two groups of controls were selected from the same population: sex- and age-matched living persons (normal group) and sex-matched persons who had died from organic disease at ages corresponding to those at which the individuals in the suicide group had taken their lives (deceased group). The three groups were compared concerning clinical circumstances regarded to have been of importance for the final suicidal act. Interest was focused on events that had occurred during the year prior to suicide. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 93% of the suicide group, in 60% of the deceased group, and in 32% of the normal group. Depression was the main diagnosis (50%) in the suicide group, organic brain syndrome in deceased and normals. Medical advice was sought more often (75%) by the suicide group than by normal controls (34%) and about equally often as by the deceased control (84%). 10 of the suicide persons with depressive illness had never seen a psychiatrist.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117666

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Systematic data from three studies suggest that anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents, when added to ongoing neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenics, have the effect of arresting or reversing therapeutic changes, and when given alone to untreated patients, tend to further worsen their psychosis. The countertherapeutic effects of anticholinergic drugs are reflected particularly in parameters which represent features of schizophrenic psychosis most consistently responsive to neuroleptics. It is proposed that these anticholinergic effects are central in origin and point to the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in the expression of schizophrenic psychosis and its improvement with neuroleptic medication.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117667

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Catastrophe theory is a new mathematical technique relating variables in a novel, discontinuous way. It suggests ways in which neurochemical and environmental influences could interact so that very small changes in either variable may produce rapid changes in intensity of psychosis that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Other behavioural and pharmacological characteristics of schizophrenia previously considered paradoxical may be similarly explicable, and the model predicts factors most likely to generate relapse.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117668

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

45 patients hospitalized for depression who had received double-blind trials with imipramine were examined for possible associations between pretreatment responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and their behaviorally-rated responses to fhis drug. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of two groups with the restriction that the number of responders and nonresponders be balanced for sex. Results from the group A patients suggest that responders and nonresponders to imipramine were best identified by using two sex-specific, empirically-derived, MMPI scales. In contrast, 12 of 13 regular validity and clinical scales and all 49 of the selected special scales of the MMPI failed to separate responders from nonresponders. In the cross-validation study with the group B patients, we were able to predict female and male responders from nonresponders by the new imipramine response scale with accuracy rates of 93 and 100%, respectively. The implications of these results are discussed.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117669

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Depression spectrum disease is an unipolar depressive illness in Which at least one member of the family has unipolar depression and at least one other first degree relative has alcoholism and/or antisocial personality; using this definition, 14 depression spectrum disease families are studied. Assuming, among other things, that variability in age of onset is environmentally caused and lognormally distributed, segregaton analysis shows that the data are compatible With the dichotomy of ‘affected’ versus ‘not affected’ being due to an autosomal dominant gene. A simple environmental hypothesis in which the transmission of the illness does not depend upon the parents’ type could be rejected (p < 0.001). Linkage analysis is performed by the method of maximum likelihood, taking the best fítting Mendelian model found in the segregation analysis. The results sho\v virtually no evidence of linkage bet\veen depression spectrum disease and C3, but suggestive evidence (lod score = 1.03) of linkage bet\veen depression spectrum disease and α-haptoglobin (both these linkages were previously suggested by significant results in sib-pai

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117670

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

82 consecutive patients checked at the out-patient clinic of the Psychiatric Department of the Umeå University were typed for HL-A antigens. The patients belonged to the diagnostic subgroups: bipolar (manic-depressive) psychosis (n = 33), unipolar recurrent depressive psychosis (n = 29) and cycloid psychosis (n = 20) and all had been on lithium treatment for at least 6 months. By comparing the group of those who did not relapse on lithium therapy (n = 48) with the group of those who did relapse (n = 34) there was a significantly higher frequency of the HL-A A3 antigens among those who did relapse, and none of those who did not relapse were found to have the HL-A B18 antigens. The results suggest a possible interference between HL-A antigens and response to lithium treatment. However, a large number of antigens were tested and a small number of patients

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117671

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117672

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger