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1. |
Frontality, Laterality, and Cortical-Subcortical Gradient of Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Symptoms and Neuropsychological Functions |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 1-7
K. Sagawa,
S. Kawakatsu,
A. Komatani,
S. Totsuka,
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摘要:
According to the three hypotheses on the regional brain dysfunction in schizophrenia that have received some support in studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate, we calculated eight CBF measurement indices in 59 schizophrenic patients; frontality, laterality, cortical to subcortical gradients and superior to inferior difference. Four factors were selected from these eight indices, treated by principal component factor analysis (factor 1: cortical to subcortical gradient; factor 2: inferior frontality; factor 3: superior frontality; factor 4: laterality). We investigated their correlations with clinical and demographic characteristics. Factor 1 correlated with duration of illnes. Factor 2 related most highly to numbers of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and moderately to anhedonia. Factor 4 related to attentional impairment score of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The schizophrenia specific symptom score calculated from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale did not relate to any of these factors. It seemed that there were various dimensions of neural deficits in schizophrenia, corresponding to various aspects of symptomatology or neuropsychological functions.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119033
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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2. |
Spasmodic Torticollis and Phobic Neurosis |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 8-11
A. Skorzewska,
S. Lai,
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摘要:
Psychopathology is reported to be common in patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST). We describe two ST patients with a coexisting phobic neurosis. In the first patient the phobic neurosis appeared independent of ST. In the second patient the phobia could be directly attributed to the development of essential tremor which may be an antecedent to the onset of ST. The two phobias were successfully eliminated with paradoxical intention. The elimination of the phobia had no effect on ST. Care should be taken in assuming that the presence of psychopathology is causally relevant to the development of ST.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119035
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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3. |
Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Schizophrenia: Its Relation to Monoamine Metabolism in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 12-16
Motohisa Kaneko,
Shigeo Murata,
Yoshihiko Hoshino,
Kenji Takahagi,
Fujio Yokoyama,
Makoto Watanabe,
Hisashi Kumashiro,
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摘要:
The metabolic disturbances of monoamine in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) was examined in patients with chronic schizophrenia showing nonsuppression of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Subjects were 16 male chronic schizophrenics consisting of 8 DST suppressors and 8 nonsuppressors. All the patients were orally given the 5HT precursor, L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP, 3 mg/kg) and the α2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine (3 μg/kg), and the concentrations of plasma prolactin, cortisol, human growth hormone, and blood 5HT were measured chronologically. As a result, all of the DST nonsuppressors showed no increased response of prolactin after L-5HTP loading. Moreover, in the DST nonsuppressors, the secretion response of cortisol after L-5HTP loading was delayed compared with that of the suppressors. However, no different response between the DST suppressors and the nonsuppressors was observed after a loading dose of clonidine. These results suggest that there might be a metabolic disturbance of 5HT in the HPA axis of chronic schizophrenics showing DST nonsuppressio
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119036
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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4. |
Chronic Flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) Facilitates Acquisition and Retention of a Swim-Escape Response in Rats |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 17-24
Minka Urbancic,
Marcin Gadek,
Thaddeus J. Marczynski,
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摘要:
Since chronic flumazenil treatment was previously found to stimulate exploratory behavior in rodents, the aim of this study was to test the effect of chronic exposure to flumazenil on acquisition and retention of escape behavior. Adult rats were treated with flumazenil (Ro 15-1788; 4 mg/kg/day in drinking water) for 21 days (experiment 1) and for 17 days (experiment 2). In experiment 1 (a round water tank with one escape rope) conducted 24 h after drug/vehicle withdrawal, the time the animals needed to resolve a swim-escape task was significantly shorter in the drug group, compared to the controls. In the retention trial, 24 h later, the control group matched the performance of the drug group. In experiment 2, a water T-maze was used which was equipped with two ropes, one anchored to the bottom and the other unanchored and therefore was more difficult to climb. On day 14 of flumazenil/vehicle treatment, there were no differences between the groups in the time needed to escape from the maze. However, on day 15 and 16 of drug/vehicle treatment, the drug group made highly significant progress, while the control group showed no improvement of the escape behavior. The possible mechanisms of flumazenil-induced facilitation of escape behavior have been discussed.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119037
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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5. |
Controlled Comparison of Two Anxiolytic Benzodiazepines, Cloxazolam and Bromazepam |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 25-29
Marc Ansseau,
Remy von Frenckell,
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摘要:
The clinical activity and the tolerance of cloxazolam (4 mg/day), a new anxiolytic benzodiazepine, was compared to bromazepam (12 mg/day) in two parallel groups of 427 and 410 psychiatric outpatients, respectively. The duration of the study was 4 weeks with clinical assessments at inclusion and after 2 and 4 weeks of therapy by the Hamilton anxiety scale and visual analogue scales. While the Hamilton anxiety scale did not exhibit significant differences between the two benzodiazepines, visual analogue scales showed significant superiority of cloxazolam over bromazepam on psychological anxiety, somatic anxiety, depressed mood, and sleep, with a lack of significant difference related to the sedative effect, but less muscle-relaxant effect with cloxazolam than with bromazepam. The better efficacy and tolerance of cloxazolam compared to bromazepam was confirmed by the global assessments using visual analogue scales; moreover, a significantly larger proportion of patients in the cloxazolam group wanted to continue the same treatment.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119038
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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6. |
Cognitive and Psychomotor Function during Hypoglycemia: A Comparison between Porcine and Human Insulin |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 30-36
M.M. Maassen,
T. Lingenfelser,
H. Glück,
W. Renn,
M. Eggstein,
B. Jakober,
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摘要:
After an overnight euglycemic clamp, blood glucose levels were precisely lowered on two nonconsecu-tive mornings via a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS, Biostator) using either purified porcine insulin (PPI) or human insulin (HI). Two cognitive and psychomotor tests were significantly different in 8 type-I diabetic subjects and 8 healthy volunteers at four timepoints, when mean blood glucose concentrations (BGCs) were 100, 65, 50, and 40 mg/dl. Also, a significant difference (p = 0.005) could be found between the mean of all reaction time testing (RTT) values under HI as compared with the mean of all RTT values under PPI. Lowering the BGC resulted in a significant increase in the reaction time (p = 0.012). These effects were not dependent on the type of insulin being used nor were they typical of a particular study group.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119039
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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7. |
Enhanced Affective Aggression in Genetically Bred Hypercholinergic Rats |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 37-41
Olgierd Pucilowski,
Burr Eichelman,
David H. Overstreet,
Amir H. Rezvani,
David S. Janowsky,
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摘要:
Affective aggression was studied in pairs of Flinders Sensitive Line hypercholinergic rats (FSL) and Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats in shock-induced and apomorphine-induced fighting tests. FSL rats were significantly more aggressive in both tests. They had higher pain threshold, assessed by the jump-flinch method, than FRL rats. It is concluded that genetically developed cholinergic system supersensitivity has resulted in enhanced responsiveness to stimuli eliciting affective aggression.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119040
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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8. |
Phosphatidylserine: Quantitative EEG Effects in Healthy Volunteers |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 42-48
Guido Rosadini,
Walter G. Sannita,
Flavio Nobili,
Teresa Cenacchi,
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摘要:
Eight healthy paid male volunteers (age: 21–28 years, mean: 24.5 ± 1.7 years; weight 62–79 kg) were administered via intravenous infusion (3 min) acute 25-, 50-, and 75-mg doses of phosphatidylserine, or matching placebo in a latin-square design. Multichannel EEG recordings were performed in baseline conditions, during intravenous infusion, and 10, 30, 90, 180, and 360 min after drug/placebo administration. Blood pressure, heart rate, critical flicker-fusion frequency, and the subjects’ performance at immediate and short-term retention tests were assessed after each electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. The EEG signal was quantified offline by power spectral analysis, and bidimensional scalp maps were produced for each EEG variable. Descriptive statistical comparisons among subjects and between pre- and postdrug EEG recordings allowed the detection of systematic EEG changes (notably increment of the power on the ‘alpha’ frequency, which was restricted to the anterior electrode derivations at the 50-mg dose and widespread to the whole scalp at the highest dose, and increase of the signal total power) in the absence of significant modifications of the subjects’ neuropsycholo
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119041
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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9. |
Topographic Mapping of Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study with the Hemoderivative Actovegin in Age-Associated Memory Impairment |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
1990,
Page 49-56
Heribert V. Semlitsch,
Peter Anderer,
Bernd Saletu,
Ingrid Hochmayer,
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摘要:
In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, the effects of Actovegin on cognitive event-related potentials were studied in 18 age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) patients. Actovegin is a protein-free metabolically active hemoderivative improving oxygen and glucose utilization. Each patient was treated, in randomized order, for 2 weeks with 250 ml 20% Actovegin and 250 ml placebo daily with an interval of 3 weeks in between. Psychophysiological tests were carried out by means of the Viennese Psychophysiological Test System (VPTS) before as well as 5 h after the administration of one single infusion on day 1 (acute effect), before (subacute effect) as well as after one additional superimposed infusion on day 15 (superimposed effect). There was no effect on earlier stages of information processing measured by Nl and P2 component of nontarget ERP nor on ERP latencies. However, P300 amplitude increased after acute, subacute as well as superimposed infusion of Actovegin as compared to placebo, confirming the hypothesis that nootropic drugs may influence the P300 amplitude in the sense of an improved availability of cognitive processing resources. This increase of P300 amplitude (up to 4.8 μV), seen specifically in central and parietal regions, proved to be significant in a confirmatory test
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000119042
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1990
数据来源: Karger
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